Intro to CNS

Question 1

Neuromodulatory transmitters and examples

Answer 1

They are long distance projections that overlay synaptic networks.

E.g., DA, 5-HT, NA, ACh, histamine, etc…

They can alter the sensitivity to synaptic plasticity (LTP or LTD) and they can modulate gene expression through signalling cascades

Question 2

DA pathways, roles, and where somata project from

Answer 2

Mesolimbic, mesocortical, nigrostriatal and tuberoinfundibulnar pathways.

Predominantly project from the VTA (mesolimbic and mesocortical) and substantia nigra (nigrostriatal)

Reward, motivation, movement, attention, arousal, etc…

Question 3

DA receptor isoforms and G-protein coupled

Answer 3

D1-5

D1/5 are Gs
D2/3/4 are Gi

Question 4

5-HT pathways and roles

Answer 4

Project from the brainstem raphe nuclei.

Mood regulation, cognition, feeding, sexuality, aggression, sleep, temperature regulation, etc…

Question 5

5-HT receptor isoforms and type (GPCR/ion channel)

Answer 5

5-HT1 and 5 are Gi
5-HT2 is Gq
5-HT3 is Na+ ion channel
5-HT4/6/7 are Gs

Question 6

Amitryptaline pharmacological targets

Answer 6

SERT and NET inhibitor.

5-HT2A/C and 5-HT6/7 antagonist

non-selective mAChR antagonist

H1 antagonist

Kir blocker