Intro to CNS: Neurotransmitters

Question 1

Drug selectivity is based on the fact that different pathways use different transmitters, a primary goal of neuroscience has been to identify the neurotransmitters in CNS pathways

Answer 1

Central Neurotransmitters

Question 2

Criteria for Transmitter Status:

Present in higher concentration in the synaptic area than in other areas

Answer 2

Localization

Question 3

Criteria for Transmitter Status:

A suspected transmitter must reside in the presynaptic terminal of the pathway of interest

Answer 3

Localization

Question 3

Criteria for Transmitter Status:

A suspected transmitter must be released from a neuron in response to neuronal activity and in a calcium-dependent manner.

Answer 3

Release

Question 4

Criteria for Transmitter Status

Produce the same sort of postsynaptic response that is seen with physiologic activation of the synapse

Answer 4

Synaptic mimicry

Question 4

Criteria for Transmitter Status:

Application of the candidate substance should produce a response that mimics the action of the transmitter released by nerve stimulation, and application of a selective antagonist should block the response

Answer 4

Synaptic mimicry

Question 5

Criteria for Transmitter Status

Released by electrical or chemical stimulation via a

Answer 5

calcium-dependent mechanism

Question 5

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

• 5% of neurons have receptors for ___
• G protein-coupled muscarinic M1 receptors

Answer 5

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Question 6

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

↓ slows excitation
↓ decreases permeability to potassium

Answer 6

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Question 7

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Inhibitory actions at synapses in specific neuronal systems

Answer 7

Dopamine

Question 8

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

G protein-coupled activation of K+ channels

Answer 8

Dopamine

Question 8

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

↑ increases cAMP

Answer 8

Dopamine

Question 8

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

D2 receptor is the main dopamine subtype

Answer 8

Dopamine

Question 9

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS + Effect

Activation of α1 and β1 receptors

Answer 9

Norepinephrine, Excitatory

Question 10

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS + Effect

↓ decreases K+ conductance

Answer 10

Norepinephrine, Excitatory

Question 11

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Activation of α2 and β2 receptors

Answer 11

Norepinephrine, Inhibitory

Question 11

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

↑ increases K+ conductance

Answer 11

Norepinephrine, Inhibitory

Question 12

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Multiple 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtypes

Answer 12

Serotonin

Question 13

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Inhibitory at many CNS sites

Answer 13

Serotonin

Question 13

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Metabotropic

Answer 13

Serotonin

Question 13

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Excitatory depending on the receptor subtype activated

Answer 13

Serotonin

Question 14

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Excitatory for most neurons

Answer 14

Glutamic Acid

Question 14

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor

Answer 14

Glutamic Acid

Question 15

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Inhibition of adenyl cyclase

Answer 15

Glutamic Acid

Question 15

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS The Primary NTA mediating IPSPs

Answer 15

GABA

Question 16

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS Opens K+ channels

Answer 16

GABA(B) receptor activation

Question 17

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS Opens Cl- conductance

Answer 17

GABA(A) receptor activation

Question 18

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS Closes Ca2+ channels

Answer 18

GABA(B) receptor activation

Question 18

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS More numerous in the cord

Answer 18

Glycine

Question 19

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS ↑ increases Cl- conductance

Answer 19

Glycine

Question 19

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS Beta-endorphins, dynorphins

Answer 19

Opioid Peptides

Question 20

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS ↓ decreases Ca2+ conductance

Answer 20

Opioid Peptides Inhibitory (presynaptic)

Question 21

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS ↑ increases K+ conductance

Answer 21

Opioid Peptides Inhibitory (postsynaptic)

Question 22

Type of Neurotransmitters Glutamate

Answer 22

Amino Acid Neurotransmitter

Question 22

Type of Neurotransmitters GABA and Glycine

Answer 22

Amino Acid Neurotransmitter

Question 22

Type of Neurotransmitters Ionotropic Receptor

Answer 22

GABA(A)

Question 23

Type of Neurotransmitters Metabotropic Receptor

Answer 23

GABA (B)

Question 23

Type of Neurotransmitters Catecholamines

Answer 23

Monoamine Neurotransmitter

Question 24

Type of Neurotransmitters Dopamine

Answer 24

Monoamine Neurotransmitter

Question 25

Type of Neurotransmitters Norepinephrine

Answer 25

Monoamine Neurotransmitter

Question 25

Type of Neurotransmitters 5-Hydroxytryptamine

Answer 25

Monoamine Neurotransmitter

Question 25

Type of Neurotransmitters Neurotensin

Answer 25

Neuropeptides

Question 26

Type of Neurotransmitters Opioid Peptides (Enkephalins, Endorphins)

Answer 26

Neuropeptides

Question 26

Type of Neurotransmitters Histamine

Answer 26

Monoamine Neurotransmitter

Question 27

Type of Neurotransmitters Substance P

Answer 27

Neuropeptides

Question 28

Type of Neurotransmitters Neuropeptide Y

Answer 28

Neuropeptides

Question 28

Type of Neurotransmitters Somatostatin

Answer 28

Neuropeptides

Question 29

Type of Neurotransmitters Cholecystokinin

Answer 29

Neuropeptides

Question 30

Type of Neurotransmitters Vasoactive Intestinal polypeptide

Answer 30

Neuropeptides

Question 31

Type of Neurotransmitters Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Answer 31

Neuropeptides

Question 32

Type of Neurotransmitters Orexin (Hypocretins)

Answer 32

Neuropeptides

Question 32

Type of Neurotransmitters Endocannabinoids

Answer 32

Signaling Substance

Question 32

Type of Neurotransmitters Nitric Oxide, Purine

Answer 32

Signaling Substance

Question 33

Amino Acid Neurotransmitters: The high concentration of glutamate in synaptic vesicles is achieved by the ______________.

Answer 33

vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT)

Question 34

Amino Acid Neurotransmitters: Is released into the synaptic cleft by Ca2+-dependent exocytosis

Answer 34

Glutamate

Question 35

Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Categories

Answer 35

1. Amino acid glutamate 2. Neutral amino acids glycine & GABA