Intro to Computers and Programming

Question 1

A set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task

Answer 1

Program

Question 2

Programs are commonly referred to as ____.

Answer 2

Software

Question 3

A person with the training and skills necessary to design, create, and test computer programs

Answer 3

Programmer or software developer

Question 4

All of the physical devices, or components, of which a computer is made

Answer 4

Hardware

Question 5

The part of a computer that actually runs programs.

Answer 5

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Question 6

Today, CPU’s are small chips known as _____.

Answer 6

Microprocessors

Question 7

Where the computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with

Answer 7

Main memory

Question 8

Main memory is commonly known as ____

Answer 8

Random-access memory (RAM)

Question 9

Memory that is used for temporary storage while a program is running and is erased when the computer is turned off

Answer 9

Volatile

Question 10

Memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer

Answer 10

Secondary storage

Question 11

The most common type of secondary storage device

Answer 11

Disk drive

Question 12

____ store data in solid-state memory, have no moving parts and operate faster than a traditional disk drive

Answer 12

Solid-state drive (SSD)

Question 13

Small devices that plug into the computers USB port and appear to the system as a disk drive

Answer 13

USB drives

Question 14

USB drives store data in a special type of memory known as ____

Answer 14

Flash memory

Question 15

USB drives are also known as ___ and ____

Answer 15

Memory sticks, flash drives

Question 16

Any data the computer collects from people and from other devices

Answer 16

Input

Question 17

The component that collects input data and sends to the computer

Answer 17

Input device

Question 18

Any data the computer produces for people or for other devices

Answer 18

Output

Question 19

Programs that control and manage the basic operations of a computer

Answer 19

System software

Question 20

The most fundamental set of programs on a computer and controls the internal operations of the computers hardware

Answer 20

Operating system (OS)

Question 21

Performs a specialized task that enhances the computers operation or safeguards data

Answer 21

Utility program

Question 22

Programs that programmers use to create, modify, and test software

Answer 22

Software development tools

Question 23

Programs that make a computer useful for everyday tasks (i.e. Word, PowerPoint)

Answer 23

Application software

Question 24

Tiny storage locations that a computers memory is divided into

Answer 24

Bytes

Question 25

Each byte is divided into eight smaller storage locations known as ___

Answer 25

Bits (binary digits)

Question 26

A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters.

Answer 26

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

Question 27

An extensive encoding scheme that is compatible with ASCII, but can also represent characters for many of the languages in the world

Answer 27

Unicode

Question 28

Term used to describe anything that uses binary numbers

Answer 28

Digital

Question 29

Data that is stored in binary format

Answer 29

Digital data

Question 30

Any device that works with binary data

Answer 30

Digital device

Question 31

Tiny dots of color that compose an image

Answer 31

Pixels

Question 32

A digital song is broken into small pieces known as ____

Answer 32

Samples

Question 33

The entire set of instructions that a CPU can execute

Answer 33

Instruction set

Question 34

When a CPU executed the instructions in a program, it is engaged in a process known as the ____

Answer 34

Fetch-decode-execute cycle

Question 35

An alternative to machine language that uses short words known as mnemonics

Answer 35

Assembly language

Question 36

A special program used to translate an assembly language program into a machine language program

Answer 36

Assembler

Question 37

Programming languages that allow you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works and without writing large numbers of low-level instructions

Answer 37

High-level languages

Question 38

Words that make up a high-level programming language

Answer 38

Keywords or reserved words

Question 39

Perform various operations on data

Answer 39

Operators

Question 40

Set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program

Answer 40

Syntax

Question 41

Individual instructions that you use to write a program in a high-level programming language

Answer 41

Statements

Question 42

Program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program

Answer 42

Compiler

Question 43

Program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program

Answer 43

Interpreter

Question 44

Statements that a programmer writes in a high-level language

Answer 44

Source code or code

Question 45

A mistake such as a misspelled keyword, a missing punctuation character, or the incorrect use of an operator

Answer 45

Syntax error