Intro to computing

Question 1

Computer Networking

Answer 1

Links computers for shared resources through the internet. Requires computers to access multiple netwroks and share their resources.

Question 2

Internet Privacy

Answer 2

Deals with the fundamental human rights of a person’s privacy on the internet.

Question 3

Importance of internet privacy

Answer 3

is the control of personal identity and information

Question 4

Without internet privacy

Answer 4

interested third-party companies will collect and analyze every online activity to take advantage of these data.

Question 5

Different techniques to protect internet privacy

Answer 5

• Securing Web Browser
• Using a virtual private network (VPN)
• Double-Checking unfamiliar links
• Limited Sharing on Social Media
• Using Multi-Factor Authentication

Question 6

Securing Web Browser

Answer 6

Such as Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox, although a total security is not guaranteed.

Question 7

Using a Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Answer 7

It is the best way to have internet privacy. it does not change ethe IP Address, it also protects incoming and outgoing internet traffic with extensive encryption

Question 8

Double-Checking Unfamiliar Links

Answer 8

Double-check the URL to see if it has the correct format.

Question 9

Limited Sharing on Social Media

Answer 9

Platforms like Instagram, Facebook and Twitter are all publicly accessible.

Question 10

Using multi-factor authentication

Answer 10

Multi-factor or two-authentication is an added verification step besides a conventional password. Google applies this wherein the users provide a specific code sent to their smartphones to access their accounts

Question 11

Network Security

Answer 11

Ensures the integrity, confidentiality, and accessibility of computer networks. It is relevant when cybercriminals are becoming more dominant

Question 12

Network Technologies

Answer 12

• Firewall
• Intrusion Detection System
• Wi-Fi protected Access 3 (WPA3)
• Virtual Private Network
• Email Security

Question 13

Firewall

Answer 13

It was previously stated that it monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic. Additionally, it serves as a wall. either hardware or software between the trusted and untrusted external internet.

Question 14

Intrusion Detection System(IDS)

Answer 14

It is a software or a device for closely monitoring a network for any malicious activity or intrusion at the network or the host.

Question 15

For a network IDS

Answer 15

a signature-based detection method is used wherein it seeks certain patterns of known malicious instructions sequences by targeting new malware sequences. It relies on machine learning to develop a model of trusted activity, then compares it to the current activity.

Question 16

For a Host IDS

Answer 16

used to run on the individual hosts of a network, therefor it only monitors the inflow and outflow of traffic at the host.

Question 17

Wifi-Protected Access 3 (WPA3)

Answer 17

The latest wireless network security certificate protocol by the Wi-Fi Alliance. It focuses its filtering at the ‘entry’ when a new device requests to connect to the network.

Also offers “forward Secrecy”

Question 18

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Answer 18

It connects any remote device to an enterprise wherein company data is hosted. Ensures that the online activities are publicly hidden. This feature makes it one of the most powerful network security tools.

Question 19

Email Security

Answer 19

Emails allow scripts inside the device, it is easier for anyone to write a code in an email and send it.

Question 20

Revenue Loss

Answer 20

One of the most impactful consequences companies face during an internet, network downtime.

Proper cable management is the best way to ensure network reliability.

Question 21

Maintenance Cost

Answer 21

Repairing damages internet and network lines consumes both time and maintenance costs, including acquiring new cables and upgraded network devices for replacement.

Daily monitoring of the cables and network devices is encouraged

Question 22

Lesser Productivity

Answer 22

Internet and network failure significantly affect productivity as tasks heavily rely on the internet.

It is advisable to provide a backup network and a backup internet service provider.

Question 23

Personal Area Network (PAN)

Answer 23

The smallest type of network with a limited span interconnects compatible personal devices. Examples computer to printer.

Question 24

Local Area Network (LAN)

Answer 24

Used to interconnect and share computer resources in an establishment such as a corporate building, house, or several buildings in a limited area.

Question 25

Campus Area Network (CAN)

Answer 25

An enterprise network covering multiple building, house or several buildings in a limited area.

Question 25

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Answer 25

This covers multiple city buildings, traffic lights, and parking meters, connecting wirelessly.

Question 26

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Answer 26

A much larger network covering vast areas, such as cities, provinces, and countries. WAN can also be a bigger network consistensing of LANs and MANs

Question 27

Network Architecture

Answer 27

A diagram displaying the structure of network devices and services to serve the clients' connectivity needs

Question 27

Common types of network Architecture

Answer 27

Access networks Networks for data centers Wide-area networks (WANs)

Question 28

Access Networks

Answer 28

In campuses and branches bring users and devices together, such as linking employees in a corporate building

Question 29

Networks for data centers

Answer 29

In a company link multiple servers with data and application make them easily accessible to users.

Question 30

Wide-area Networks (WANs)

Answer 30

Connects users to programs and services, such as hospital employees connecting to health applications

Question 31

The Open System Interconnection Model (OSI)

Answer 31

Reference model of the International Organization for Standardization was developed in 1984 as an open standard for every communication system to allow the interlinking the different times of different types of networks Aims to provide a structure for networking that secures compatibility in the network hardware and software and expedites the advancement of upcoming networking technologies.

Question 32

Physical Layer

Answer 32

Gives electrical and mechanical connections to the network

Question 33

Data Link Layer

Answer 33

Handles error recovery, flow control, and sequencing of terminals that are either sending or receiving. It is the media of access control (MAC) layer where MAC addressing is defined.

Question 34

Network Layer

Answer 34

Acts as the network controller that receives outgoing messages and combines messages and segments into packets with a header detailing the routing information

Question 35

Transport Layer

Answer 35

Liable for end-to-end delivery between devices. It deals with message integrity between source and destination and segmenting and reassembling packets.

Question 36

Session Layer

Answer 36

Proves the control functions required to start, manage, and end connections to satisfy user requests.

Question 37

Presentation Layer

Answer 37

Accepts and structures the messages for an application by converting the message from one code to another. It also processes data compression and encryption

Question 38

Application Layer

Answer 38

It interacts with application programs with communication components such as web browser and emails. It is responsible for recording a message, understanding the request, and identifying the information needed to support it.

Question 39

Network Types and Devices

Answer 39

These are devices required for communication and interaction between components on a computer network, either wired or wireless.

Question 40

Wired Network

Answer 40

uses cabling and connectors to initiate network connections

Question 41

Wireless Network

Answer 41

uses radio signals to initiate network connections. It is the most common network configuration today.

Question 42

Network Type Advantages Disadvantages - Wired

Answer 42

Faster network data transfer speed Inexpensive setup Not susceptible to outside interference Specialized tools for cable connections Labor-intensive

Question 43

- Wireless

Answer 43

User mobility Simple installation Security issues Slower data transfer

Question 44

LAN Ethernet Cable

Answer 44

Connects devices within a local area network. It is limited by length and durability specifications resulting in a bad signal if the cable is too long or of poor quality.

Question 45

Hub

Answer 45

– interconnects networking devices but risks the broadcast of data it receives to all devices connected to it.

Question 46

Switch

Answer 46

– initiates a direct connection from the sender to the destination bypassing the data traffic to ensure data privacy, unlike a hub. It is best for interconnecting networking devices

Question 47

Cable Modem

Answer 47

– uses a cable connection to create a broadband network connection from a home network to the internet service provider (ISP). This setup needs a splitter to divide the cable TV from the home network.

Question 48

Servers

Answer 48

– provide resources, data, services, and programs to other computers or clients over a network. It is tasked to handle complex operations such as databases, emails, and shared files.

Question 49

Firewall

Answer 49

– a security device that monitors and secures incoming and outgoing network traffic based on established security policies. It is essentially the barrier between a private internal network and the public Internet.

Question 50

Wireless Access Point

Answer 50

– connects wireless devices and provides a connection to wired LANs. The data transfer speed for access points relies on the wireless technology of the clients.

Question 51

Wireless Router

Answer 51

– consists of a router, switch, and wireless access point that uses radio frequency to link networking devices. It is the most common way to connect wireless LANs to the ISP’s access device.

Question 52

Wi-Fi Modem

Answer 52

– combines the functionality of a modem and a router, thus making it a convenient source for Internet connectivity.

Question 53

Network Topologies

Answer 53

LAN is described by the protocol and the topology used for network access. It is the physical and logical arrangement of nodes such as a switch or hub and connections in a network

Question 54

The networking protocol

Answer 54

is the rule for users to exchange information.

Question 55

Point-to-Point

Answer 55

– the simplest network topology where two devices, like a computer or router, are connected directly. With this, the communication only flows between the two devices.

Question 56

Token Ring

Answer 56

– Its deterministic nature ensures access to message transmissions at regular or fixed time intervals for each connected station. A disadvantage is that if an error changes the token pattern, it might stop circulating, causing data traffic to stop.

Question 57

Bus

Answer 57

– occurs when computers share the media for data transmission using a coaxial cable, preventing data transmission from being extremely bandwidth efficient.

Question 58

Star

Answer 58

– the most common networking topology in LANs today, where all the devices connect to a central switch or hub.

Question 59

Mesh

Answer 59

– it is when the networking devices are directly connected where several paths exist between the end devices. Mesh topology can be divided into two types based on paths; fully meshed and partially meshed.