MathMod

Question 1

Data

Answer 1

Are raw information or facts that become useful information when organized in a meaningful way. It could be of qualitative and quantitative nature.

Question 2

Data Management

Answer 2

Is concerned with “looking after” and processing data

Question 3

Importance of Data Management

Answer 3

Ensures that data for analysis are ofbhigh quality so that conclusions are correct

Good data managements alliws furthur use of the data in the future and enables efficient integration of resulta with other studies

Good data management leads to improved processing efficiency, improved data quality, and improved meaningfulness of the data.

Question 4

Methods of data collection

Answer 4

Census
Sample Survey
Experiment
Observation Study

Question 5

Census

Answer 5

This is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about all members of a given population.

Question 6

Sample Survey

Answer 6

Sampling is a selection of a subset within a population, to yield some knowledge about the population of concern.

Question 7

Experiment

Answer 7

This is performed when there are some controlled variables and the intention is to study their effect on other observed variables.

Question 8

Observation Study

Answer 8

This is appropriate when there are no controlled variables and replication is impossible. This type of study typically uses a survey.

Question 9

Nonprobability Sampling

Answer 9

Any sampling method where some elements of the population have no chance of selection or where the probability of selection cant be accurately determined

Question 10

Probability Sampling

Answer 10

Is one in which every unit in the population can be randomly selected, and the probability of selecting can be accurately determined

Question 11

Simple Random Sampling

Answer 11

All samples of a given size have an equal probability of being selected and selections are independent. The frame is not subdivided or partitioned

Question 12

Systematic Sampling

Answer 12

Relies on dividing the target population into strata of equal size and then selecting ranfomly one element from the first stratum and corresponding elements from all other strata.

Question 13

Stratified Sampling

Answer 13

The frame can be organized by these categories into seperate “strata”

Question 14

Cluster Sampling

Answer 14

Selects respondents from certain areas only, or certain time-periods only. An example of two-staged random sampling

Question 15

Matched Random Sampling

Answer 15

A pair or set of, matched samples are those in which each member of a sample is matched with a corresponding member in every other sample

Question 16

Confounding

Answer 16

An extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates with both the dependent variable and the independent variable.

Question 17

Placebo and binding

Answer 17

A placebo is an imitation pill identical to the actual treatment pill but without treatment ingredients. Blinding is a techniqur used to make the subjects “blimd” to which treatment is being given.

Question 18

Blocking

Answer 18

The arranging of experimental units in groups that are similar to one another.

Question 19

Completely Randomized Design

Answer 19

For studying the effects of one primary factor without the need to take other nuisance variables into account

Question 20

Randomized Block design

Answer 20

A collection of completely randomized experiments, each run within one of the blocks of the total experiment.

Question 21

Chi-Square Test

Answer 21

Usrd to determine whether there is significatn difference between the ex0ected valyr frequencies and the observed frequencies in one or more categories.

Question 22

2 types of chisquare test

Answer 22

A chi-square goodnes of fit test determines if a sample data matches a population

A chi-square test for independence compares 2 variables in a contingency table to see if they are related.