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653 Derm > Intro to Derm > Flashcards

Intro to Derm Flashcards

1
Q
A
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1
Q

adnexa

A

structures that originate from the skin

hairs, claws, sebaceous and sweat glands, arector pili muscle

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2
Q

arector pili muscle

A

located very close to every hair follicle, primarily on the dorsum

ex: think hackles on a dog

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3
Q

list some functions and properties of the skin

A
  • barrier to loss of water, electrolytes, and molecules
  • environmental protection
  • allow motion/flexibility while also provide shape and form
  • produce adnexa
  • thermoregulation
  • Vit D production
  • sensory perception
  • pigmentation
  • storage
  • antimicrobial
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4
Q

3 Main Layers of the Skin

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis/Subcutaneous
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5
Q

sublayers of the epidermis

from outside –> in

A

stratum corneum
[stratum lucidum]
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale (basal layer)

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6
Q

Stratum lucidum is only present where?

A

only exists on the foot pads and nasal planum

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7
Q

main fxn of the dermis

A

modulate wound healing and the structure/function of the epidermis

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8
Q

3 Major Phases of the Hair CYcle

A
  1. Anagen (growth)
  2. Catagen (transition)
  3. Telogen (resting)

there should be constant growth of hair in normal skin

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9
Q

3 dog breeds with continous hair growth

A
  1. poodles
  2. old english sheepdogs
  3. schnauzers
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10
Q

what is the thickest of the three layers of skin

A

hypodermis (subcutaneous)

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11
Q

what areas of the body do no have SQ

A

lip, cheek, eyelid, external ear canal, anus

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12
Q

functions of the hypodermis/SQ

A

energy reserve, thermogensesis and insulation, protective padding and support

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13
Q

number of epidermal layers in dogs and cats

A

3 to 5 epidermal layers

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14
Q

normal turnover of skin in dogs?

in days

A

21-22 days

assumed to be similar in cats but cats have not been studied

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15
Q

if there is scaling/flaking, what does that say about skin turnover?

A

the rate of turnover is TOO FAST

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16
Q

how do the # of epidermal layers, turnover time, and the pH of skin in dogs and cats compare to humans?

A

humans have more epidermal layers, a longer turnover time, and a lower pH

10-15 epidermal layers
28+ day turnover
pH 5.5

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17
Q

pH of dog skin? cats?

A

dog pH = 7.5
cat pH = 6-7

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18
Q

how do immune-mediated/hormone lesions tend to be distrubuted?

A

symmetrically

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19
Q

What are the 12 primary dermatologic lesions?

primary meaning a direct result of the underlying disease

A
  • macule
  • papule
  • plaque
  • pustule
  • vesicle
  • nodule
  • wheal
  • cyst
  • alopecia
  • scale
  • crust
  • comedone
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20
Q

which of the 12 primary dermatologic lesions can ALSO be secondary? (4)

A
  • alopecia
  • scale
  • crust
  • comedone
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21
Q

identify

*yellow circle is location for punch biopsy, not the lesion you are IDing

A

macule

a macule larger than 1cm in diameter is called a patch

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22
Q

identify

*yellow circle is location for punch biopsy, not the lesion you are IDing

A

papule

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23
Q

identify

*yellow circle is location for punch biopsy, not the lesion you are IDing

A

plaque

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24
identify ## Footnote *yellow circle is location for punch biopsy, not the lesion you are IDing
wheal
25
identify ## Footnote *yellow circle is location for punch biopsy (though is preferred to be excised), not the lesion you are IDing
nodule
26
identify ## Footnote *biopsy is excisional
cyst
27
identify ## Footnote *yellow circle is location for punch biopsy, not the lesion you are IDing
vesicle
28
identify ## Footnote *yellow circle is location for punch biopsy, not the lesion you are IDing
pustule
29
# Define macule
flat circumscribed lesion associated with *color change* | less than 1cm diameter
30
# define papule
solid elevation of skin | less than 1cm diameter; can have some erythema
31
# define erythema
inflammation of skin
32
# define plaque
flat-topped, thickened elevation greater than 1cm formed by coalescing papules or dermal infiltration
33
# define pustule
circumscribed epidermal elevation of skin filled with pus
34
# define vesicle
fluid-filled (serum) elevation fo the epidermis, less than 1cm | larger than 1cm is called a *bulla* ## Footnote SKP this is like your stupid hands
35
# define nodule
solid elevation greater than 1 cm ## Footnote dermal nodules must be physically palpated to be identified
36
# define wheal
sharply circumscribed elevation in the skin associated with edema | this is what you see with intradermal testing
37
# define cyst
epidermal-lined cavity containing fluid or solid material | ex: sabceous (waxy) cysts ## Footnote the "cover" is thicker/less fragile than a vesicle or pustule
38
identify
comedone | blackheads in humans
39
identify
scale
40
identify ## Footnote *yellow circle is location for punch biopsy, not the lesion you are IDing
crust
41
# define alopecia
partial (hypotrichosis) to complete loss of hair
42
primary causes of alopecia
endocrine diseases, follicular dysplasia
43
# define scale
accumulation of loose stratum corneum | from fast skin-cycling/turnover ## Footnote owners will call this "dandruff"
44
# define crust
accumulation of dried exudate, leratin, serum, blood cells, scales, or even meds adherent to the skin suface | there should be something moist/exudative under the crust when sampled
45
# define comedone
dilated hair follicle filled with cornified cells and sebaceous material | skin cells in contact with the air become DARK
46
What are the 10 primary dermatologic lesions?
* alopecia * scale * crust * comedone * epidermal collarette * erosion * ulcer * excoriation * lichenification * scar
47
which of the 10 secondary dermatologic lesions can ALSO be primary? (4)
* alopecia * scale * crust * comedone
48
identify ## Footnote *yellow circle is location for punch biopsy, not the lesion you are IDing
erosion
49
identify ## Footnote *yellow circle is location for punch biopsy, not the lesion you are IDing
ulcer
50
identify
excoriation
51
identify
lichenification
52
identify
epidermal collarette
53
# define epidermal collarette
circular scale or crust with erythema | remnant of a pustule or vesicle ## Footnote MUST have erythema
54
# define erosion
shallow epidermal defect that does NOT penetrate the dermis | technically histopath is needed to differentiate it from an ulcer
55
# define ulcer
break in continuity of the epidermis with EXPOSURE of the underlying dermis | deeper than erosions
56
# define excoriation
lesion caused by scratching, biting, rubbing
57
# define lichenification
thickening of the epidermis; exaggerated texture due to chronic inflammtion
58
# define scar
fibrous tissue replacing damaged cutaneous and/or subcutaneous tissues | shiny appearance due to fibroblasts trying to replace the lost tissue ## Footnote no dermis or epidermis --> no hair regrowth
59
6 Different Diagnostic Tests for Skin
* skin scrapings * cytology * trichogram * dermatophyte culture * bacterial culture * biopsy/histopathology
60
purpose of skin scrapings?
to diagnose *mites* | not bacteria or yeast or inflammatory cells
61
can cytology diagnose mites?
no
62
different ways to sample for cytology
skin - impression smear, tape, swab ear - swab nodules - FNA
63
does cytology always have to be stained?
yes
64
3 reasons for a trichogram
* evaluate anagen/telogen ratio * investigate barbering * diagnosis dermatophytosis, (also demodex in areas you can't scrape i.e. periocular)
65
what sample is the toothbrush used for
dermatophyte culture | blue canoes
66
can you just do bacterial culture willy nilly?
no, you should do cytology first and confirm you even have bacteria present you dummy
67
what do the numbers on the punch biopsies indicate?
size | smaller # = smaller punch ## Footnote typically we use a 6 or 8 for skin

653 Derm (5 decks)

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