Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physical Dx > Intro To Derm > Flashcards

Intro To Derm Flashcards

(87 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous (hypodermis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What layer of skin are the blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, apocrine glands, and sebaceous glands in?

A

The dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the 5 layers of the epidermis in order.

A

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale

(mnemonic = Californians Like Girls in String Bikinis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the 4 types of cells in the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes, melaocytes, Meckels cells, and langerhans cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of epidermis cell does basal and squamous cell carcinoma occur in?

A

Keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of epidermis cell does melanoma occur in?

A

Melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What layer of the epidermis does Keratinization occur in?

A

Stratum granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List from most superficial to deep the layers of the dermis.

A

Papillary dermis, reticular dermis, and ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What layer of the skin are the fibroblasts, macrophages, and adipose tissue in?

A

The hypodermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are eccrine glands most abundant?

A

Palms, soles, and forehead (but also present over most of the body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do eccrine glands do?

A

Releases odorless salt and water to keep the body cool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are apocrine glands most abundant?

A

Axillary and genital regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do apocrine glands do?

A

These are traditional sweat glands, they release a thick clear odorless fluid.

** Bacteria that lives on the skin break down apocrine secretions which leads to body odor **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are apocrine glands triggered by?

A

The nervous system- stress, exercise, hormones, and emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are vellus hairs? Ex of where they are located

A

Short and fine hairs

Ex) hair on forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are terminal hairs? Ex of where they are located

A

Long and thick hair

Ex) scalp and axillary hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A

Protect from trauma and infection, prevent fluid loss, regulate body temperature, provide sensory information, and produce vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you assess skin turgor?

A

Pinch a section of skin on the forearm and it should return to place immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does nummular mean?

A

Coin shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does annular mean?

A

Round with active margins and central clearing

Ex) tinea infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does dermatomal mean?

A

It follows a nerve segment. Seen in herpes or varicella zoster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are target lesions?

A

Pink macules with purple central papules.

ex) seen in erythema multiforme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What kind of shape does phytophotodermatitis have?

A

Linear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a morbilliform rash?

A

A measles like rash - erythematous maculopapular lesions that become confluent on the face and body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does it mean if a rash blanches?
If you press on the rash, the redness goes away
26
What are the ABCDEs of melanoma?
``` A- asymmetry B- Borders C- color D- Diameter E- Evolution or elevation ```
27
What are primary lesions?
Lesions that arise from previously normal skin
28
What are secondary findings in regards to lesions?
Secondary findings arise from changes in primary lesions, usually due to exogenous factors or changes Ex) scratching, infection, rubbing, crusting
29
Describe a macule.
A flat, non-palpable, less than 1 cm in diameter circumscribed color change Ex) freckles
30
Describe a patch.
A flat, non-palpable, greater than 1 cm in diameter hypo or hyperpigmented spot. Can have an irregular shape. Ex) Cafe Au Lait spots
31
What are the two types of primary lesions that are flat and non-palpable?
Macules and patches
32
What are the 3 types of primary lesions that are superficial elevations causes by free fluid?
Vesicles, bulla, and pustules
33
What are the 5 types of primary lesions that are palpable, elevated, solid masses?
Papules, plaques, nodules, tumors, and wheals
34
Describe a papule.
A palpable, firm, less than 1 cm in diameter, circumscribed lesion. Can be flesh colored, red, or brown. Ex) seborrheic keratosis
35
Describe a plaque.
Elevated, firm, palpable, and greater than 1 cm in diameter. Ex- Psoriasis
36
Describe a nodule.
Elevated, circumscribed, and often greater than 1.5cm in diameter. Deeper and more firm than a papule. Can be compressible, soft, or rubbery to palpation Ex) epidermoid cyst
37
Describe a tumor.
A large nodule that is deeper in the dermis. Greater than 2cm in diameter. Ex) lipoma
38
Describe wheals.
Irregular and transient superficial edema. Ex) hives
39
Describe vesicles.
Elevated and well circumscribed, fluid containing lesions. Less than 1 cm in diameter. Ex) chicken pox- dew drops on a rose petal
40
Describe bulla.
Elevated, well circumscribed, serous fluid filled lesions that are greater than 1 cm in diameter. Ex) bulbous pemphigoid
41
Describe a pustule.
Elevated, superficial, well circumscribed, pus filled lesion. Ex) folliculitis
42
What is a furuncle?
An infection of a single hair follicle. AKA boil. Often caused by staph aureus
43
What is a carbuncle?
Infection of multiple hair follicles. Can form abscess and require I&D. Often caused by Staph aureus
44
Are furuncles and carbuncles primary or secondary lesions?
Primary
45
What are the types of secondary lesions?
Crust, scale, fissure, erosion, ulcers, excoriation, atrophy, and lichenification
46
Describe crusting.
Dried residue of serum, pus, or blood on the surface of skin. Ex) impetigo
47
What is scale? What layer of the skin does this accumulate from?
Hyperkeratosis and Accumulation of stratum corneum due to increased proliferation and/or delayed desquamation Ex) psoriasis
48
What is a fissure?
A linear crack in the skin that results from drying, skin thickening, and loss of elasticity. Often painful and on the hands
49
What are erosions?
Partial or sometimes complete loss of the epidermis. Can be moist, oozing, or a crusted lesion. Ex) pemphigus foliaceus
50
What is an ulcer? What layers does it involve?
A deep defect with loss of at least the entire epidermis plus superficial dermis. Ex) Venous ulcer
51
What are excoriations?
Exogenous injury to all or part of the epidermis. Usually due to scratching and may be linear or rounded Ex) neurotic excoriations
52
What is epidermal atrophy?
Thinning of the epidermis leading to wrinkling and shiny appearance
53
What is dermal atrophy?
Loss of dermal collagen and or elastin leading to depression
54
What is lichenification?
Thickening of this epidermis and increased visibility of skin markings. Ex) lichen simplex chronicus
55
What are the 7 vascular lesions?
Petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, spider angiomas, cherry angiomas, telangiectasias, and hemangiomas
56
Describe petechiae.
Deep red/purple round and irregular lesions that are non-blanchable. Less than 0.5cm in diameter
57
When is petechiae often seen?
Infections and bleeding disorders
58
Describe purpura. | color/size/shape/blanchable or not
Deep red/purple round and irregular lesions that are non-blanchable. Greater than 0.5cm in diameter
59
When is purpura often seen?
Infectious and bleeding disorders
60
What is ecchymosis?
Bruising. Represents blood outside of vessels due to trauma or bleeding disorders
61
Describe spider angiomas. | color/size/shape/blanchable or not
Small Fiery red lesions with a central body and surrounding erythema with radiating legs. *Blanches with pressure.
62
Where are on the body are spider angiomas normally seen?
Face, neck, arms, and upper trunk.
63
What populations are spider angiomas frequently seen on?
Usually develops in otherwise healthy women and children. Also often seen with liver disease and pregnancy
64
Describe cherry angiomas. | color/size/shape/blanchable or not
Bright red papules that range from 1 to 6 mm in size. Can be flat or raised. Non pulsatile and *non blanchable.
65
What are telangiectasias? | color/blanchable or not
Permanently dilated superficial cutaneous blood vessels. Red to blue-violet in color. Blanchable.
66
When are telangiectasias typically seen?
Basal cell carcinomas, sun damaged skin, and rosacea
67
What is a hemangioma? When is it common?
A benign vascular neoplasm that represents the most common tumor of infancy
68
Describe the presentation of a hemangioma.
A red irregular lesion secondary to dilation of dermal capillaries. Starts as a macular patch, but can progress to a plaque or nodule.
69
What are the 4 categories of skin disease?
Papulosquamous, nodular, vesiculobullous, and maculopapular
70
What is an example of a papulosquamous lesion?
Psoriasis
71
What are the 5 Ps of lichen planus?
``` Pruritic Polygonal Purple Planar Papules ```
72
What are nodular lesions? Examples?
Benign and malignant epidermal and dermal nodules. Ex) cherry angiomas, epidermoid cysts, and nevi
73
What is the presentation of squamous cell carcinoma?
Isolated keratotic, erodes papule or nodule that is located in sun exposed areas
74
Describe the presentation of basal cell carcinoma.
Pearly nodules in sun exposed areas. Associated with central ulcerizations and telangiectasias
75
What type of lesions are viral exanthems and drug eruptions typically?
Maculopapular lesions
76
Describe clubbing on the nail.
Rounded bulbous nail base with a spongy feel
77
How do you diagnoses clubbing of the nail?
Ask patient to flex fingers of both hands and bring index fingers together until distal phalanges are touching. If the diamond space between the nails is gone (Positive schamroths sign) the patient has clubbing
78
What are beaus lines?
Transverse depressions secondary to trauma or acute illness. The lines will grow out.
79
What are paronychias?
Inflammation of the proximal and lateral nail folds
80
What is onychocryptosis?
An ingrown toenail. Usually on big toe the nail grows into the dermis. Can be infected.
81
What are terry’s nails?
Nails that are mostly white with a distal band of reddish brown. Lunula is gone. Characteristic “ground glass” appearance
82
What is leukonychia?
Trauma to the nails causing areas of white discoloration
83
What is koilonychia?
Spoon shaped, concave nail
84
What is onycholysis?
Painless separation of the nail plate from the nail bed.
85
What is onychomycosis?
Fungal infection of the nail bed, plate, or matrix.
86
What is nail pitting?
Small punctuate depressions in the nail caused by nail matrix inflammation.
87
What does positive schamroths sign indicate?
Clubbing

Physical Dx (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions