Intro to Derm

Question 1

Structure of the skin

Answer 1

1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Subcutis

Question 2

4 layers of Epidermis

Answer 2

1. Stratum corneum
2. Granular cell layer
3. Spiny layer
4. Basal cell layer

Question 3

How many days does it take for cells to transfer from stratum basale to stratum corneum

Answer 3

30 days

Question 4

What cells mostly make up the epidermis

Answer 4

Keratinocytes

Question 5

5th layer of epidermis found in areas of thick skin e.g. palms and soles

Answer 5

Stratum Lucidum

Question 6

What layers is Stratum Lucidum found between

Answer 6

Stratum granulosum and Stratum corneum

Question 7

2 layers of the Dermis

Answer 7

Papillary dermis

Reticular dermis

Question 8

Features of the Dermis

Answer 8

Mostly collagen, strong but flexible

Contains blood vessels, lymphatics, immune cells, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles

Question 9

Feautres of the Subcutis

Answer 9

Fat layer providing insulation, energy and protection

Separates dermis from deep underlying structures e.g. muscle

Question 10

Other names for Subcutis

Answer 10

Hypodermis or Panniculus

Question 11

Skin Appendages

Answer 11

Hair, Nails, Sebaceous glands, Sweat glands

Question 12

Sebaceous glands

Answer 12

Produce and secrete sebum for lubrication and waterproofing the skin
Active during puberty

Question 13

Sweat glands

Answer 13

Eccrine (widespread and open directly onto the skin)
and Apocrine (open into hair follicles)

Question 14

Pilosebaceous unit

Answer 14

Hair shaft, hair follice, sebacouse gland, arrector pilli muscle

Question 15

Functions of the skin

Answer 15

Thermoregulation
Fluid balance
Protection
Sensation
Vitamin D synthesis
Aesthetics

Question 16

What can skin failure lead to

Answer 16

Hyper/hypothermia
Fluid loss
Dehydration
Malabsorption
Skin cancer
Death

Question 17

Principles of Wound Healing

Answer 17

1. Haemostasis
2. Inflammation
3. Proliferation-migration
4. Remodelling (collagen, scarring)

Question 18

Lesion

Answer 18

Altered skin

Question 19

Rash

Answer 19

Eruption

Question 20

Pruritus

Answer 20

Itching

Question 21

Flat lesions

Answer 21

Macule and Patch

Question 22

Macule

Answer 22

Small flat lesion

Question 23

Patch

Answer 23

Larger flat lesion

Question 24

Raised lesions

Answer 24

Papule, Plaque and Nodules

Question 25

Papule

Answer 25

small, <0.5cm diameter, solid

Question 26

Plaque

Answer 26

Larger, >0.5cm diameter, scaly, raised lesion

Question 27

Nodule

Answer 27

Larger, >0.5cm diameter, solid, raised lesion with a deeper component

Question 28

Filler lesions

Answer 28

Vesicle, Bulla and Pustule

Question 29

Vesicle

Answer 29

small, <0.cm diameter, raised, clear fluid-filled lesion

Question 30

Bulla

Answer 30

larger >0.5cm diameter, raised, clear fluid-filled lesion

Question 31

Pustule

Answer 31

Small, <0.5cm diameter, pus-filled lesion

Question 32

Erosion

Answer 32

superfilical loss of the epidermis

Question 33

Ulcer

Answer 33

deep, complete loss of the epidermis and some of dermis

Question 34

Scale

Answer 34

flakes or desquamated stratum corneum, silvery appearance

Question 35

Crust

Answer 35

Dried exudate

Question 36

Excoriation

Answer 36

epidermal loss due to trauma

Question 37

Lichenification

Answer 37

thickening of the skin

Question 38

Scarring

Answer 38

fibrosis

Question 39

Dermatological Excision

Answer 39

Simple excision, skin scrapes, skin swabs, patch testing, Doppler studies

Question 40

Doppler studies

Answer 40

measure ABPI to identiy peripheral arterial insufficiency

Question 41

Curettage

Answer 41

Curette used to remoce superficial skin lesion

Question 42

Punch biopsy

Answer 42

punch, forceps and scissors used to obtain full thickness sample

Question 43

Ellipse biopsy

Answer 43

Scalpel is used to remove larger and deeper areas of skin. Resulting wound may require sutures, a skin flap or skin graft