Intro to Diabetes (L1) Flashcards
(16 cards)
Diabetes Mellitus
A common group of metabolic disorders that are characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia
Hyperglycaemia
Raised blood-glucose levels
What causes diabetes-associated hyperglycaemia?
Insulin deficiency, insulin resistance or both
Glycogenolysis
glucose produced from the breakdown of glycogen
Gluconeogenesis
Glucose produced from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates e.g. pyruvate, lactate, glycerol and glucogenic amino acids
Normal Glucose levels
3-8mM (millimolar)
Prognosis
The likely course of a medical condition
Complications associated with diabetes
Reduced lifespan (1/3) Increased mortality rate Increased CVD incidence Increased renal failure risk Increased morbidity (Blindness & amputation)
Morbidity
The condition of suffering from a disease or illness
How do insulin levels change as the day progresses?
As the day progresses, insulin almost mirrors blood glucose levels
Symptoms of untreated diabetes
Catabolic pathway causes formation of ketone bodies
- Ketotic breath
- Acidosis (Increased blood acidity)
Lipolysis increases lipid levels
- Hyperlipidaemia (increases risk of heart disease
Type 1 diabetes
Polygenic auto-immune disorder
specific destruction of pancreatic beta-cells
Leads to complete insulin deficiency
Type 2 diabetes
Polygenic disorder
Decrease in beta-cell mass
Leads to reduction in insulin secretion
Also causes peripheral insulin resistance (cells do not respond as well to insulin)
Polygenic disorder
A genetic disorder that is caused by the combined action of more than one gene.
Catabolic
Break down metabolic pathway
Type 2 diabetes prevention
Weight
Waist circumference
Sedentary lifestyle
Social deprivation/low income
