Intro to Electrical Modalities

Question 1

What are some purposes for using electrical currents in interventions?

• A) To induce sleep
• B) To promote tissue healing
• C) To increase blood pressure
• D) To decrease mental alertness

Electrical Modalities

Answer 1

What are some purposes for using electrical currents in interventions?

• A) To induce sleep
• B) To promote tissue healing
• C) To increase blood pressure
• D) To decrease mental alertness

• Answer: B) To promote tissue healing
• Rationale: The provided information lists pain relief, muscle contraction, promotion of tissue healing, management of edema, and enhancing transdermal drug delivery as purposes for using electrical currents.

Question 2

Which statement best reflects the rationale for using electrical modalities in rehabilitation?

• A) Electrical stimulation accelerates recovery but does not alter the final outcome.
• B) Electrical stimulation guarantees complete recovery in all cases.
• C) Electrical stimulation ensures immediate improvement in function.
• D) Electrical stimulation replaces the need for surgery.

Electrical Modalities

Answer 2

Which statement best reflects the rationale for using electrical modalities in rehabilitation?

• A) Electrical stimulation accelerates recovery but does not alter the final outcome.
• B) Electrical stimulation guarantees complete recovery in all cases.
• C) Electrical stimulation ensures immediate improvement in function.
• D) Electrical stimulation replaces the need for surgery.

• Answer: A) Electrical stimulation accelerates recovery but does not alter the final outcome.
• Rationale: The rationale section states that electrical stimulation applied early following surgery likely accelerates recovery but does not alter the final outcome.

Question 3

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of electrical currents?

• A) Carotid sinus overstimulation
• B) Pelvis, abdomen, trunk, and low back area during pregnancy
• C) Skin irritation or open wounds
• D) Cardiac disease

Electrical Modalities

Answer 3

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of electrical currents?

• A) Carotid sinus overstimulation
• B) Pelvis, abdomen, trunk, and low back area during pregnancy
• C) Skin irritation or open wounds
• D) Cardiac disease

• Answer: D) Cardiac disease
• Rationale: Contraindications for the use of electrical currents include cardiac disease, demand pacemaker or unstable arrhythmia, over the carotid sinus, venous or arterial thrombosis, pregnancy in certain areas, and malignant tumors.

Question 4

What precaution should be taken when using electrical currents in patients with impaired mentation?

• A) Ensure the presence of open wounds
• B) Use high intensity for strong muscle contractions
• C) Verify understanding and description of sensations
• D) Avoid application near the carotid sinus

Electrical Modalities

Answer 4

What precaution should be taken when using electrical currents in patients with impaired mentation?

• A) Ensure the presence of open wounds
• B) Use high intensity for strong muscle contractions
• C) Verify understanding and description of sensations
• D) Avoid application near the carotid sinus

• Answer: C) Verify understanding and description of sensations
• Rationale: Patients with impaired mentation may have difficulty understanding and describing sensations. Therefore, it’s important to ensure they can communicate effectively.

Question 5

What is one of the adverse effects associated with electrical currents?

• A) Improved mental alertness
• B) Reduction in DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)
• C) Electrothermal burns
• D) Accelerated tissue healing

Electrical Modalities

Answer 5

What is one of the adverse effects associated with electrical currents?

• A) Improved mental alertness
• B) Reduction in DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)
• C) Electrothermal burns
• D) Accelerated tissue healing

• Answer: C) Electrothermal burns
• Rationale: Adverse effects of electrical currents include burns (from direct current or continuous alternating current), electrothermal effects, electrochemical effects, skin irritation or inflammation, discomfort perception, and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS).

Question 6

Which statement accurately reflects the rationale for using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)?

• A) NMES guarantees complete recovery in all cases.
• B) NMES accelerates healing but may not improve function.
• C) NMES ensures immediate improvement in mental alertness.
• D) NMES replaces the need for medication in pain management.

Electrical Modalities

Answer 6

Which statement accurately reflects the rationale for using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)?

• A) NMES guarantees complete recovery in all cases.
  **
• B) NMES accelerates healing but may not improve function.**
• C) NMES ensures immediate improvement in mental alertness.
• D) NMES replaces the need for medication in pain management.

• Answer: B) NMES accelerates healing but may not improve function.
• Rationale: NMES is often used to promote muscle contraction and potentially accelerate healing, but its effect on function improvement may vary.

Question 7

What is a precaution for the use of electrical currents in patients with impaired sensation?

• A) Apply high intensity for strong muscle contractions.
• B) Monitor for skin irritation or open wounds.
• C) Educate about the perception of discomfort.
• D) Adjust intensity/duration to prevent overstimulation.

Electrical Modalities

Answer 7

What is a precaution for the use of electrical currents in patients with impaired sensation?

• A) Apply high intensity for strong muscle contractions.
• B) Monitor for skin irritation or open wounds.
• C) Educate about the perception of discomfort.
• D) Adjust intensity/duration to prevent overstimulation.

• Answer: D) Adjust intensity/duration to prevent overstimulation.
• Rationale: Patients with impaired sensation may not accurately perceive discomfort, making it crucial to adjust intensity and duration to avoid overstimulation and potential injury.

Question 8

What is a significant risk associated with direct current (DC) in electrical modalities?

• A) Skin irritation or inflammation
• B) Accelerated tissue healing
• C) Electrothermal burns
• D) Improved mental alertness

Electrical Modalities

Answer 8

What is a significant risk associated with direct current (DC) in electrical modalities?

• A) Skin irritation or inflammation
• B) Accelerated tissue healing
• C) Electrothermal burns
• D) Improved mental alertness

• Answer: C) Electrothermal burns
• Rationale: Direct current (DC) can leave charges in the tissue, leading to electrothermal effects and an increased risk of burns.

Question 9

When should caution be exercised regarding the application of electrical currents in patients with cardiac disease?

• A) During strong muscle contractions
• B) Only in the presence of open wounds
• C) Always, due to potential arrhythmias
• D) When promoting tissue healing

Electrical Modalities

Answer 9

When should caution be exercised regarding the application of electrical currents in patients with cardiac disease?

• A) During strong muscle contractions
• B) Only in the presence of open wounds
• C) Always, due to potential arrhythmias
• D) When promoting tissue healing

• Answer: C) Always, due to potential arrhythmias
• Rationale: Patients with cardiac disease are at risk of arrhythmias when exposed to electrical currents, necessitating caution in their use.

Question 10

What is a potential adverse effect of prolonged or high-intensity electrical current application?

• A) Reduced blood pressure
• B) Improved sensation in the affected area
• C) Perception of discomfort
• D) Accelerated recovery without complications

Electrical Modalities

Answer 10

What is a potential adverse effect of prolonged or high-intensity electrical current application?

• A) Reduced blood pressure
• B) Improved sensation in the affected area
• C) Perception of discomfort
• D) Accelerated recovery without complications

• Answer: C) Perception of discomfort
• Rationale: Prolonged or high-intensity electrical current application may lead to discomfort, irritation, or even pain in the affected area.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a contraindication for the use of electrical currents?

• A) Pacemaker
• B) Venous thrombosis
• C) Skin irritation
• D) Impaired sensation

Electrical Modalities

Answer 11

Which of the following is not a contraindication for the use of electrical currents?

• A) Pacemaker
• B) Venous thrombosis
• C) Skin irritation
• D) Impaired sensation

• Answer: C) Skin irritation
• Rationale: Skin irritation is a precaution rather than a contraindication for the use of electrical currents.

Question 12

All of the following are precautions for the use of electrical currents except:

• A) Cardiac disease
• B) Impaired mentation
• C) Skin irritation or open wounds
• D) High intensity for strong muscle contractions

Electrical Modalities

Answer 12

All of the following are precautions for the use of electrical currents except:

• A) Cardiac disease
• B) Impaired mentation
• C) Skin irritation or open wounds
• D) High intensity for strong muscle contractions

• Answer: D) High intensity for strong muscle contractions
• Rationale: High intensity for strong muscle contractions is not listed as a precaution in the provided information. It’s actually a consideration for effective muscle stimulation.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a contraindication for applying electrical currents over the carotid sinus?

• A) Unstable arrhythmia
• B) Venous thrombosis
• C) Cardiac disease
• D) Malignant tumors

Electrical Modalities

Answer 13

Which of the following is not a contraindication for applying electrical currents over the carotid sinus?

• A) Unstable arrhythmia
• B) Venous thrombosis
• C) Cardiac disease
• D) Malignant tumors

• Answer: B) Venous thrombosis
• Rationale: Venous thrombosis is not listed as a contraindication specifically for applying electrical currents over the carotid sinus.

Question 14

All of the following are precautions for the use of electrical currents except:

• A) Pacemaker
• B) Skin irritation or open wounds
• C) Impaired sensation
• D) Strong muscle contractions for a short duration

Electrical Modalities

Answer 14

All of the following are precautions for the use of electrical currents except:

• A) Pacemaker
• B) Skin irritation or open wounds
• C) Impaired sensation
• D) Strong muscle contractions for a short duration

• Answer: D) Strong muscle contractions for a short duration
• Rationale: Strong muscle contractions for a short duration is not listed as a precaution in the provided information. It’s important to monitor intensity/duration to avoid overstimulation.

Question 15

Which safety precaution is essential for using “wall plugged” electrical stimulation units?

• A) Annual calibration by a therapist
• B) Regular inspections by a physician
• C) Ensuring the presence of a “third prong” on the power cord
• D) Disconnection of the “wall circuit” and the “patient circuit” during operation

Electrical Modalities

Answer 15

Which safety precaution is essential for using “wall plugged” electrical stimulation units?

• A) Annual calibration by a therapist
• B) Regular inspections by a physician
• C) Ensuring the presence of a “third prong” on the power cord
• D) Disconnection of the “wall circuit” and the “patient circuit” during operation

• Answer: C) Ensuring the presence of a “third prong” on the power cord
• Rationale: The “third prong” serves as a case ground to prevent electrical shocks if a power wire comes loose inside the equipment.

Question 16

What is the purpose of the “third prong” on the power cord of a wall-plugged electrical stimulation unit?

• A) To regulate the intensity of the electrical current
• B) To prevent the patient from moving during treatment
• C) To provide a case ground and prevent electrical shocks
• D) To increase the portability of the device

Electrical Modalities

Answer 16

What is the purpose of the “third prong” on the power cord of a wall-plugged electrical stimulation unit?

• A) To regulate the intensity of the electrical current
• B) To prevent the patient from moving during treatment
• C) To provide a case ground and prevent electrical shocks
• D) To increase the portability of the device

• Answer: C) To provide a case ground and prevent electrical shocks
• Rationale: The “third prong” on the power cord serves as a case ground to prevent shocks if a power wire comes loose and makes contact with the equipment’s case.

Question 17

Which of the following is a common use for electrical stimulation (E-Stim) in rehabilitation?

• A) Increasing mental alertness
• B) Producing action potentials in intact sensory neurons
• C) Treating visual impairments
• D) Inducing sleep

Electrical Modalities

Answer 17

Which of the following is a common use for electrical stimulation (E-Stim) in rehabilitation?

• A) Increasing mental alertness
• B) Producing action potentials in intact sensory neurons
• C) Treating visual impairments
• D) Inducing sleep

• Answer: B) Producing action potentials in intact sensory neurons
• Rationale: One of the common uses for electrical stimulation (E-Stim) in rehabilitation is to produce action potentials in intact sensory or motor neurons.

Question 18

What is the goal of therapeutic electrical stimulation in terms of neurons?

• A) To decrease resting membrane potential
• B) To prevent the generation of action potentials
• C) To produce action potentials in intact sensory or motor neurons
• D) To isolate individual neurons for study

Electrical Modalities

Answer 18

What is the goal of therapeutic electrical stimulation in terms of neurons?

• A) To decrease resting membrane potential
• B) To prevent the generation of action potentials
• C) To produce action potentials in intact sensory or motor neurons
• D) To isolate individual neurons for study

• Answer: C) To produce action potentials in intact sensory or motor neurons
• Rationale: The goal of therapeutic electrical stimulation is to produce action potentials in intact sensory or motor neurons to achieve therapeutic effects.

Question 19

Which electrode placement is likely to result in better depolarization for creating action potentials in nerves?

• A) Under the positive electrode (anode)
• B) Under the negative electrode (cathode)
• C) Far away from the nerve
• D) Near the resting membrane potential

Electrical Modalities

Answer 19

Which electrode placement is likely to result in better depolarization for creating action potentials in nerves?

• A) Under the positive electrode (anode)
• B) Under the negative electrode (cathode)
• C) Far away from the nerve
• D) Near the resting membrane potential

• Answer: B) Under the negative electrode (cathode)
• Rationale: The information states that slightly better depolarization occurs under the negative electrode (cathode) when creating action potentials in nerves.

Question 20

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of prolonged use of electrical stimulation?

• A) Improved muscle contraction
• B) Increased tissue healing
• C) Skin irritation or inflammation
• D) Accelerated nerve regeneration

Electrical Modalities

Answer 20

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of prolonged use of electrical stimulation?

• A) Improved muscle contraction
• B) Increased tissue healing
• C) Skin irritation or inflammation
• D) Accelerated nerve regeneration

• Answer: C) Skin irritation or inflammation
• Rationale: Prolonged use of electrical stimulation may lead to skin irritation or inflammation, which is considered a potential adverse effect.

Question 21

What happens when an action potential is created in a given neuron?

• A) The resting membrane potential decreases
• B) The neuron becomes refractory to further stimulation
• C) Additional current can change the characteristics of the neuron
• D) All or nothing response is observed in the neuron

Electrical Modalities

Answer 21

What happens when an action potential is created in a given neuron?

• A) The resting membrane potential decreases
• B) The neuron becomes refractory to further stimulation
• C) Additional current can change the characteristics of the neuron
• D) All or nothing response is observed in the neuron

• Answer: D) All or nothing response is observed in the neuron
• Rationale: Once an action potential is created in a given neuron, it undergoes an “all or nothing” response, meaning that further current does not change the characteristics of the neuron.

Question 22

Which factor determines the effectiveness of electrode placement for creating action potentials in nerves?

• A) The color of the electrodes
• B) The size of the electrodes
• C) The distance between the electrodes
• D) The texture of the electrodes’ surface

Electrical Modalities

Answer 22

Which factor determines the effectiveness of electrode placement for creating action potentials in nerves?

• A) The color of the electrodes
• B) The size of the electrodes
• C) The distance between the electrodes
• D) The texture of the electrodes’ surface

• Answer: C) The distance between the electrodes
• Rationale: The effectiveness of electrode placement for creating action potentials in nerves is influenced by the distance between the electrodes, as it determines the distribution and intensity of the electrical field.

Question 23

Which of the following accurately describes the order of depolarization for neurons based on their structure?

• A) A-alpha, A-beta, A-gamma, A-delta
• B) A-beta, A-alpha, A-gamma, A-delta
• C) A-beta, A-delta, A-gamma, A-alpha
• D) A-alpha, A-delta, A-beta, A-gamma

Electrical Modalities

Answer 23

Which of the following accurately describes the order of depolarization for neurons based on their structure?

• A) A-alpha, A-beta, A-gamma, A-delta

* B) A-beta, A-alpha, A-delta, A-gamma

• C) A-beta, A-delta, A-gamma, A-alpha
• D) A-alpha, A-delta, A-beta, A-gamma

• Answer: B) A-beta, A-alpha, A-delta, A-gamma
• Rationale: Based on the provided information, A-beta neurons are generally the first to be depolarized, followed by A-alpha, A-delta, and then A-gamma.

Question 24

What is the significance of having a balanced or unbalanced pulse current?

• A) It determines the frequency of the current.
• B) It affects the intensity or strength of the current.
• C) It determines the duration of the current.
• D) It affects the waveform of the current.

Electrical Modalities

Answer 24

What is the significance of having a balanced or unbalanced pulse current?

• A) It determines the frequency of the current.
• B) It affects the intensity or strength of the current.
• C) It determines the duration of the current.
• D) It affects the waveform of the current.

• Answer: B) It affects the intensity or strength of the current.
• Rationale: Having a balanced or unbalanced pulse current affects the intensity or strength of the current, which can influence its therapeutic effect.

Question 25

What are the two forms that alternating current (AC) can be transformed into?

• A) Interferential and Russian
• B) Biphasic and monophasic
• C) Balanced and unbalanced
• D) Symmetrical and asymmetrical

Electrical Modalities

Answer 25

What are the two forms that alternating current (AC) can be transformed into?

• A) Interferential and Russian
• B) Biphasic and monophasic
• C) Balanced and unbalanced
• D) Symmetrical and asymmetrical

• Answer: A) Interferential and Russian
• Rationale: Alternating current (AC) can be transformed into different forms, such as Interferential and Russian, for specific therapeutic purposes.

Question 26

Which electrode type provides superior depolarization of neurons?

• A) Pre-gelled, self-adhesive
• B) Carbon rubber with gel
• C) Conductive fabric
• D) Water soaked sponge

Electrical Modalities

Answer 26

Which electrode type provides superior depolarization of neurons?

• A) Pre-gelled, self-adhesive
• B) Carbon rubber with gel
• C) Conductive fabric
• D) Water soaked sponge

• Answer: A) Pre-gelled, self-adhesive
• Rationale: According to the information provided, all other things being equal, electrodes with a higher current density provide superior depolarization of neurons.

Question 27

What is the purpose of the Strength-Duration Curve in the stimulation of action potentials in nerves?

• A) To determine the electrode placement
• B) To specify the treatment duration
• C) To select the appropriate pulse duration for different types of neurons
• D) To monitor the patient’s response to treatment

Electrical Modalities

Answer 27

What is the purpose of the Strength-Duration Curve in the stimulation of action potentials in nerves?

• A) To determine the electrode placement
• B) To specify the treatment duration
• C) To select the appropriate pulse duration for different types of neurons
• D) To monitor the patient’s response to treatment

• Answer: C) To select the appropriate pulse duration for different types of neurons
• Rationale: The Strength-Duration Curve helps in selecting the appropriate pulse duration for different types of neurons, ensuring effective stimulation while minimizing adverse effects.

Question 28

What determines the speed of action potential travel in neurons?

• A) The amplitude of the electrical current
• B) The presence of myelination and neuron diameter
• C) The frequency of the electrical pulses
• D) The duration of the electrical stimulation

Electrical Modalities

Answer 28

What determines the speed of action potential travel in neurons?

• A) The amplitude of the electrical current
• B) The presence of myelination and neuron diameter
• C) The frequency of the electrical pulses
• D) The duration of the electrical stimulation

• Answer: B) The presence of myelination and neuron diameter
• Rationale: The speed of action potential travel in neurons is primarily determined by the presence of myelination and the diameter of the neuron.

Question 29

What is the primary purpose of documenting electrical stimulation treatments?

• A) To track the patient’s response to treatment
• B) To determine the electrode placement
• C) To specify the waveform of the current
• D) To adjust the intensity of the electrical current

Electrical Modalities

Answer 29

What is the primary purpose of documenting electrical stimulation treatments?

• A) To track the patient’s response to treatment
• B) To determine the electrode placement
• C) To specify the waveform of the current
• D) To adjust the intensity of the electrical current

• Answer: A) To track the patient’s response to treatment
• Rationale: Documenting electrical stimulation treatments helps track the patient’s response to treatment, ensuring appropriate adjustments and monitoring progress.

Question 30

Which waveform is associated with direct current (DC) stimulation?

• A) Pulsed current
• B) Biphasic symmetrical waveform
• C) Alternating current (AC)
• D) Continuous unidirectional flow of current

Electrical Modalities

Answer 30

Which waveform is associated with direct current (DC) stimulation?

• A) Pulsed current
• B) Biphasic symmetrical waveform
• C) Alternating current (AC)
• D) Continuous unidirectional flow of current

• Answer: D) Continuous unidirectional flow of current
• Rationale: Direct current (DC) stimulation is associated with a continuous unidirectional flow of current.

Question 31

What is the function of the “ramp up” and “ramp down” parameters in electrical stimulation?

• A) To control the amplitude of the electrical current
• B) To adjust the frequency of the electrical pulses
• C) To gradually increase or decrease the intensity of the stimulation
• D) To determine the duration of the treatment session

Electrical Modalities

Answer 31

What is the function of the “ramp up” and “ramp down” parameters in electrical stimulation?

• A) To control the amplitude of the electrical current
• B) To adjust the frequency of the electrical pulses
• C) To gradually increase or decrease the intensity of the stimulation
• D) To determine the duration of the treatment session

• Answer: C) To gradually increase or decrease the intensity of the stimulation
• Rationale: The “ramp up” and “ramp down” parameters in electrical stimulation are used to gradually increase or decrease the intensity of the stimulation, providing a more comfortable experience for the patient.

Question 32

Why is it important to avoid placing electrodes over bony prominences during electrical stimulation?

• A) To prevent skin irritation or inflammation
• B) To ensure adequate depolarization of neurons
• C) To minimize the risk of electric shock to the patient
• D) To enhance the effectiveness of the electrical current

Electrical Modalities

Answer 32

Why is it important to avoid placing electrodes over bony prominences during electrical stimulation?

• A) To prevent skin irritation or inflammation
• B) To ensure adequate depolarization of neurons
• C) To minimize the risk of electric shock to the patient
• D) To enhance the effectiveness of the electrical current

• Answer: A) To prevent skin irritation or inflammation
• Rationale: Placing electrodes over bony prominences during electrical stimulation can lead to skin irritation or inflammation due to increased pressure and friction.

Question 33

What is the purpose of documenting “on time” and “off time” parameters during electrical stimulation treatments?

• A) To track the patient’s response to treatment
• B) To specify the duration of each treatment session
• C) To monitor the frequency of the electrical pulses
• D) To adjust the intensity of the electrical current

Electrical Modalities

Answer 33

What is the purpose of documenting “on time” and “off time” parameters during electrical stimulation treatments?

• A) To track the patient’s response to treatment
• B) To specify the duration of each treatment session
• C) To monitor the frequency of the electrical pulses
• D) To adjust the intensity of the electrical current

• Answer: B) To specify the duration of each treatment session
• Rationale: Documenting “on time” and “off time” parameters helps specify the duration of each treatment session, ensuring consistency and effectiveness.

Question 34

Which parameter determines the gradual increase of the electrical current intensity at the beginning of a stimulation session?

• A) On time
• B) Off time
• C) Ramp up
• D) Ramp down

Electrical Modalities

Answer 34

Which parameter determines the gradual increase of the electrical current intensity at the beginning of a stimulation session?

• A) On time
• B) Off time
• C) Ramp up
• D) Ramp down

• Answer: C) Ramp up
• Rationale: The “ramp up” parameter determines the gradual increase of the electrical current intensity at the beginning of a stimulation session, providing a comfortable transition for the patient.

Question 35

What aspect of the Strength-Duration Curve determines the appropriate pulse duration for motor axon stimulation?

• A) Short duration
• B) Long duration
• C) Very long duration
• D) Frequency

Electrical Modalities

Answer 35

What aspect of the Strength-Duration Curve determines the appropriate pulse duration for motor axon stimulation?

• A) Short duration
• B) Long duration
• C) Very long duration
• D) Frequency

• Answer: B) Long duration
• Rationale: According to the Strength-Duration Curve, long duration pulses are appropriate for motor axon stimulation.

Question 36

Why is it important to include electrode placement in the documentation of electrical stimulation treatments?

• A) To adjust the frequency of the electrical pulses
• B) To ensure proper targeting of specific nerves or muscles
• C) To specify the waveform of the electrical current
• D) To determine the duration of each treatment session

Electrical Modalities

Answer 36

Why is it important to include electrode placement in the documentation of electrical stimulation treatments?

• A) To adjust the frequency of the electrical pulses
• B) To ensure proper targeting of specific nerves or muscles
• C) To specify the waveform of the electrical current
• D) To determine the duration of each treatment session

• Answer: B) To ensure proper targeting of specific nerves or muscles
• Rationale: Including electrode placement in documentation ensures proper targeting of specific nerves or muscles, optimizing the effectiveness of the treatment.

Question 37

What does the “ramp down” parameter control during electrical stimulation?

• A) The gradual decrease of the electrical current intensity at the end of a stimulation session
• B) The duration of each stimulation session
• C) The frequency of the electrical pulses
• D) The amplitude of the electrical current

Electrical Modalities

Answer 37

What does the “ramp down” parameter control during electrical stimulation?

• A) The gradual decrease of the electrical current intensity at the end of a stimulation session
• B) The duration of each stimulation session
• C) The frequency of the electrical pulses
• D) The amplitude of the electrical current

• Answer: A) The gradual decrease of the electrical current intensity at the end of a stimulation session
• Rationale: The “ramp down” parameter controls the gradual decrease of the electrical current intensity at the end of a stimulation session, providing a comfortable transition to baseline for the patient.

Question 38

What is the primary purpose of utilizing different electrode types, such as pre-gelled, self-adhesive, carbon rubber with gel, and conductive fabric?

• A) To increase the portability of the electrical stimulation unit
• B) To enhance the aesthetic appeal of the treatment setup
• C) To ensure optimal skin contact and conductivity during stimulation
• D) To adjust the frequency of the electrical pulses based on patient preference

Electrical Modalities

Answer 38

What is the primary purpose of utilizing different electrode types, such as pre-gelled, self-adhesive, carbon rubber with gel, and conductive fabric?

• A) To increase the portability of the electrical stimulation unit
• B) To enhance the aesthetic appeal of the treatment setup
• C) To ensure optimal skin contact and conductivity during stimulation
• D) To adjust the frequency of the electrical pulses based on patient preference

• Answer: C) To ensure optimal skin contact and conductivity during stimulation
• Rationale: Utilizing different electrode types allows for optimal skin contact and conductivity during stimulation, which is crucial for effective delivery of electrical currents to the target tissues.

Question 39

How do biphasic and monophasic currents differ in terms of phase duration?

• A) Biphasic currents have longer phase duration than monophasic currents.
• B) Monophasic currents have shorter phase duration than biphasic currents.
• C) Biphasic and monophasic currents have equal phase duration.
• D) Phase duration is not a parameter that differs between biphasic and monophasic currents.

Electrical Modalities

Answer 39

How do biphasic and monophasic currents differ in terms of phase duration?

• A) Biphasic currents have shorter phase duration than monophasic currents.
• B) Monophasic currents have shorter phase duration than biphasic currents.
• C) Biphasic and monophasic currents have equal phase duration.
• D) Phase duration is not a parameter that differs between biphasic and monophasic currents.

• Answer: B) Monophasic currents have shorter phase duration than biphasic currents.
• Rationale: Monophasic currents have shorter phase duration compared to biphasic currents, as they consist of a single phase, whereas biphasic currents include both positive and negative phases.

Question 40

Which factor determines the number of beats per second in an interferential current?

• A) The amplitude of the electrical pulses
• B) The duration of each pulse
• C) The carrier frequency of the current
• D) The frequency of the burst modulation

Electrical Modalities

Answer 40

Which factor determines the number of beats per second in an interferential current?

• A) The amplitude of the electrical pulses
• B) The duration of each pulse
• C) The carrier frequency of the current
• D) The frequency of the burst modulation

• Answer: D) The frequency of the burst modulation
• Rationale: The number of beats per second in an interferential current is determined by the frequency of the burst modulation, which represents the modulation of the carrier frequency.