Intro to endodintics

Question 1

What is included in the scope of endodontics? (7)

Answer 1

• Root canal treatment - disinfection and sealing root canal system
• Diagnosis of orofacial pain
• Pulp preservation therapies
• Bleaching of endodontically treated teeth
• Restoration of ecdodontically treated teeth
• Retreatment and surgery
• Dental trauma management

Question 2

What are the tissues involved in endodontic disease? (2)

Answer 2

• Dentine

- Pulp

Question 3

How many roots does a maxillary central incisor have?

Answer 3

• 1 (apical curve)

Question 4

How many roots does a maxillary lateral incisor have?

Answer 4

• 1 (distal apical curve)

Question 5

How many roots does a maxillary canine have?

Answer 5

• 1 (dist-lab apical curve)

Question 6

How many roots does a maxillary 1st premolar have?

Answer 6

2-3

Question 7

How many roots does a maxillary 2nd premolar have?

Answer 7

• 1-3

Question 8

How many roots does a maxillary 1st molar have?

Answer 8

3

Question 9

How many roots does a maxillary 2nd molar?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

How many roots does a maxillary 3rd molar have?

Answer 10

1-3

Question 11

How many canals does a maxillary central incisor have?

Answer 11

1

Question 12

How many canals does a maxillary lateral incisor have?

Answer 12

1

Question 13

How many canals does a maxillary canine have?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

How many canals does a maxillary 1st premolar have?

Answer 14

• 1 (6%)
• 2 (95%)
• 3 (1%)

Question 15

How many canals does a maxillary 2nd premolar have?

Answer 15

• 1 (75%)
• 2 (24%)
• 3 (1%)

Question 16

How many canals does a maxillary 1st molar have?

Answer 16

• 4 (93%)

- 3 (7%)

Question 17

How many canals does a maxillary 2nd molar have?

Answer 17

• 4 (37%)

- 3 (63%)

Question 18

How many roots does a mandibular central incisor have?

Answer 18

1 (dist apical curve)

Question 19

How many roots does a mandibular lateral incisor have?

Answer 19

1 (dist apical curve)

Question 20

How many roots does a mandibular canine have?

Answer 20

1 (dist +/- lab curve)

Question 21

How many roots does a mandibular 1st premolar have?

Answer 21

1

Question 22

How many roots does a mandibular 2nd premolar have?

Answer 22

1

Question 23

How many roots does a mandibular 1st molar have?

Answer 23

2-3

Question 24

How many roots does a mandibular 2nd molar have?

Answer 24

2

Question 25

How many roots does a mandibular 3rd molar have?

Answer 25

1-2

Question 26

How many canals does a mandibular central incisor have?

Answer 26

- 1 (58%) | - 2 (42%)

Question 27

How many canals does a mandibular lateral incisor have?

Answer 27

- 1 (58%) | - 2 (42%)

Question 28

How many canals does a mandibular canine have?

Answer 28

- 1 (94%) | - 2 (6%)

Question 29

How many canals does a mandibular 1st premolar have?

Answer 29

- 1 (73%) | - 2 (27%)

Question 30

How many canals does a mandibular 2nd premolar have?

Answer 30

- 1 (85%) | - 2 (15%)

Question 31

How many canals does a mandibular 1st molar have?

Answer 31

- 3 (67%) | - 4 (33%)

Question 32

How many canals does a mandibular 2nd molar have?

Answer 32

- 2 (13%) - 3 (79%) - 4 (8%)

Question 33

What are possible pathologies/clinical conditions that might require root treatment? (7)

Answer 33

- Trauma - Tooth surface loss - Dental caries - Cracked/fractured teeth - Pulpal pathology - Periapical pathology - Root resorption

Question 34

What kind of disease is endodontic disease in relation to microbes?

Answer 34

- A biofilm disease

Question 35

What is a biofilm?

Answer 35

- Communities of bacteria and fungi that collaborate to evade host attempts to eradicate the bacterial colonies 

Question 36

What are different ways that a microbial biofilm can be resistant to host defences? (5)

Answer 36

- Anti-microbial's may fail to penetrate beyond the surface layers of the biofilm - Anti-microbial's may be trapped and destroyed by enzymes - Antimicrobials may not be active against non-growing organisms - Expression of biofilm specific resistance genes (e.g. efflux pumps) - Stress response to hostile environmental conditions (leading to an overexpression of antimicrobial agent-destroying enzymes)

Question 37

What are the 3 features of apical periodontitis?

Answer 37

- Chronic poly-microbial infection - Stimulation of host response - Connective tissue destruction

Question 38

What are the 2 clinical objectives of root canal treatment?

Answer 38

- Removing canal contents | - Eliminating infection

Question 39

What is obturation?

Answer 39

- Filling of the root canal space

Question 40

What is the aim of endo-restorative treatment?

Answer 40

- To provide an environment that allows healing of periradicular tissues so that the tooth is retained as a functional unit in the dental arch