1
Q
risks of endoscopy (4)
A
- bleeding
- perforation
- infection
- cardiopulmonary (arrest)
2
Q
two conscious sedatives used in endoscopies
A
- Fentanyl (narcotic analgesic)
- BZD (retrograde amnesia, midazolam)
3
Q
- to evaluate distal (descending) colon and rectum
- patient gets enema
- non-sedated but patients can request sedation
- 10 mins, cheap, may cause cramping
A
flexible sigmoidoscopy
4
Q
list 3 conditions flexible sigmoidoscopy can evaluate
A
- hemorrhoids
- sigmoid diverticulosis
- sigmoid polyps
5
Q
- evaluates large bowel/terminal ileum
- done with conscious sedation
- PEG soln to prep to draw water into colon
A
colonoscopy
6
Q
colonoscopy clinical indications (6)
NOT conditions
A
- colon cancer screening, post polypectomy/cancer surveillance
- unexplained Fe anemia
- suspected IBD
- change in bowel habits
- unexplained GI bleeeding
- therapies–polypectomy, FB removal, decompression, hemostasis
7
Q
3 conditions colonoscopy can evaluate
A
colon polyps
colon cancer
colitis
8
Q
- views UE sphincter to descending duodenum
- often sedated
A
EGD (upper endoscopy)
9
Q
6 clinical indications for EGD
NOT conditions
A
- dyspepsia
- persistent reflux
- dysphagia/odynophagia
- persistent N/V w/o etiology
- abdnormal radiograph
- therapy- inc. hemostasis, biopsy, FB removal, dilation, placing feeding tube, metal stent placement
10
Q
6 conditions that EGD can evaluate
A
- esophagitis
- esophageal cancer
- esophageal varices
- strictures
- hiatal hernia
- ulcer disease
11
Q
treatment of esophageal varices
A
band ligation
sclerotherapy
octreotide
12
Q
- side viewing scope passed with less visual cues
- requires fluoroscopy
A
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
13
Q
2 indications for ERCP
A
- used in removal of common bile duct stones
- tx of jaundice secondary to malignancy
14
Q
unique complication of ERCP
A
pancreatitis d/t manipulation, contrast, high pressure in pancreatic duct
15
Q
- portable recorder propelled by peristalsis and takes pics every 20 secs
- patient able to do usual activities; dont need to retrieve it
- used in evaluating the small bowel; not steerable
- can’t do biopsy/perform therapies
A
capsule endoscopy
16
Q
enteroscopy indications (4)
A
- GI bleeding
- small bowel biopsy
- abnormal xray
- typical findings– angiodysplasia, ulcer, small bowel tumor
17
Q
- inflate two ballons and pull it under general anesthesia in about an hour
- looks at 3/4ths of small bowel
- can also go in from the rectum to look at distal part but less used
- can see entire small bowel; allows for biopsies & therapies
A
double balloon enteroscope
18
Q
enteroscopic ultrasound (EUS) indications (4)
A
- stage malignancies of esophagus, rectum, pancreas, stomach
- evaluate pancreas/biliar tree
- submucosal tumor eval
- therapy– FNA biopsy, pseudocyst drainage, celiac plexus block
19
Q
5 risks of EUS
A
- operator dependent
- risk of perforation
- reproducibility
- accessibility of lesion
- errors in interpretation
GI #1
flashcards
Decks in class (10)
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