Intro to Epi

Question 1

What are determinants in health?

Answer 1

Determinants are factors (also called ‘exposures’) that cause an outcome to occur.

Determinants can influence various health outcomes.

Question 2

What is a positively associated determinant?

Answer 2

A positively associated determinant occurs when an increase in exposure causes an increase in the outcome.

Examples include smoking and lung cancer.

Question 3

Give an example of a positively associated determinant.

Answer 3

Examples include:
* Smoking and lung cancer
* Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer
* Living in a food desert neighborhood and obesity

These associations show how certain exposures can lead to adverse health outcomes.

Question 4

What is a negatively associated determinant?

Answer 4

A negatively associated determinant occurs when an increase in exposure causes a decrease in the outcome.

This indicates that certain factors can reduce the likelihood of negative health outcomes.

Question 5

Provide examples of negatively associated determinants.

Answer 5

Examples include:
* Hand hygiene and surgical infection
* Mosquito control and malaria
* Physical activity and obesity

These examples illustrate how certain behaviors or interventions can improve health outcomes.