Intro to genetics Flashcards
what is a chromosome?
a sausage shaped package of chromatin
what is a locus
a genes site on its chromosome
what is a diploid
a cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes
what is chromatin
the term for DNA and it’s associated protein
what is a gamete
a sex cell-spermatozoon or ovum
what is the Sex
the X or Y chromosome
what is a karyotype
the chromosomal complement of the cell arranged in chromosomal pairs
what is a genome
the total genetic material of a cell
what is an autosome
a chromosome belonging to any of the pairs 1-22
what is a gene
a sequence of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific product
what is histone
the structural proteins coiled with the chromosomal DNA
what is homozygous
having 2 identical forms of the same gene
what is hetrozygous
having 2 different forms of the same gene
what does sex-linked mean
inheritance of genes carried on the X or Y chromosomes
what does autosomal mean
inheritance of genes carried on any chromosome in pairs 1-22
what does inheritance mean?
the process of passing genetic information from one generation to the next
what does recessive mean
the form of a gene that can only be expressed if the individual has 2 of them
what does phenotype mean?
the expression of the gene in the individual e.g. hair colour
what is a chromatid
a replicated chromosome
what is the role of MRNA?
carries the protein information (recipe) from the DNA in a cells nucleus to the cytoplasm
what is translation
synthesis of a protein from the MRNA information where it is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein
what is transcription
the synthesis of RNA from the DNA information where it is converted into a complimentary RNA code
what is the term for the production of mRNA from DNA
transcription
what takes place on the ribosome? translation or transcription
translation
