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Y1S2Anatomy > Intro to gross anatomy > Flashcards

Intro to gross anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by systemic anatomy?

A

deals with the functional organ systems and their different parts like (CVS, RESP, NS, etc)

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2
Q

What is meant by regional anatomy?

A

The anatomy of a particular region of the body like (thorax, lower limb, etc)

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3
Q

What is meant by surface anatomy?

A

The study of superficial markings (used in determining the stethoscope position, injections, physical examinations & surgery)

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4
Q

What is meant by applied anatomy?

A

Studying anatomy with its application in the clinical field

1) clinical anatomy: like giving injections

2) Surgical anatomy: performing correct surgical interventions

3) Endoscopic anatomy: explaining clinical phenomena of diseases (sign & symptoms) “laporotomy”

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5
Q

What are the different planes used in anatomy?

A

1) Median (sagital/midline): divides the body into right & left

2) Paramedian (parasagittal) plane parallel to the median plane but not in the centre

3) Coronal plane: divides the body into anterior and posterior

4) Horizontal (transverse plane): divides the body into upper and lower parts, perpendicular to the median and coronal planes

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6
Q

What are the different axes used in anatomy?

A

1) Longitudinal (vertical) axis: perpendicular to the transverse plane

2) Transverse (horizontal) axis: perpendicular to the median plane

3) Antero-posterior axis: perpendicular to the coronal plane

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7
Q

What is the meaning of anterior (ventral)

A

Towards the front of the body

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8
Q

What is the meaning of posterior/dorsal?

A

Towards the back of the body

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9
Q

What is the meaning of median?

A

In the sagittal plane

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10
Q

What is the meaning of medial?

A

Towards the midline

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11
Q

What is the meaning of lateral?

A

Away from the median plane

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12
Q

What is the meaning of superior/cephalic/cranial?

A

Towards the head/brain

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13
Q

What is the meaning of inferior/caudal?

A

Towards the feet/tail

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14
Q

What is the meaning of proximal?

A

Close to a root/limb

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15
Q

What is the meaning of distal?

A

Away from a limb

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16
Q

What is the meaning of superficial?

A

Closer to the skin (surface of the body)

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17
Q

What is the meaning of deep (internal)?

A

Away from the skin (surface) of the body

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18
Q

What is the meaning of peripheral?

A

Away from the centre of the body

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19
Q

What is the meaning of palmar?

A

Towards the front of the hand

20
Q

What is the meaning of planter?

A

Towards the sole of the foot

21
Q

What is the meaning of prone?

A

When the ventral surface of the body faces down

22
Q

What is the meaning of supine?

A

When the ventral body surface faces upwards

23
Q

What is the meaning of ipsilateral?

A

On the same side of the body

(when a tumor in one side causes paralysis in the side)

24
Q

What is the meaning of contralateral?

A

Opposite side of the body

(when a tumor in one side causes paralysis in another side)

25
Q

Describe the nipple with regards to the umbilicus

A

The nipple is superiolateral to the umbilicus

26
Q

What is the meaning of flexion?

A

Bending of ventral surfaces with formation of an angle

27
Q

What is the meaning of Extension?

A

When ventral surface move away from each other

28
Q

What is the meaning of Abduction?

A

Moving away from the midline

29
Q

What is the meaning of adduction?

A

Moving towards the midline

30
Q

What is the meaning of circumduction?

A

combined rotatory movement involving flexion/extension, with abduction/adduction

31
Q

What is the meaning of Medial rotation?

A

Moving the ventral surface towards the midline (like moving your palm from the anatomical position towards the thigh)

32
Q

What is the meaning of lateral rotation?

A

Moving the ventral surface away from the midline

33
Q

What is the meaning of elevation?

A

Moving up

34
Q

What is the meaning of depression?

A

moving down

35
Q

What is the meaning of protraction?

A

moving anteriorly

36
Q

What is the meaning of Retraction?

A

Moving posteriorly

37
Q

What is the meaning of pronation?

A

Medial rotation of the forearm, so the palm faces backwards

38
Q

What is the meaning of supination?

A

Lateral rotation of the forearm, so the palm faces forwards

39
Q

What is the meaning of plantar flexion?

A

Standing on toe tips

40
Q

What is the meaning of dorsiflexion?

A

Standing on the heels

41
Q

What is the meaning of inversion?

A

Movement of the foot, so that the sole faces inwards

42
Q

What is the meaning of exversion?

A

Movement of the foot, so that the sole faces outwards

43
Q

What is the meaning of intorsion?

A

Rotation of the eyeball around the anteroposterior axis passing through the pupil

44
Q

What is the meaning of extortion?

A
45
Q

What is the meaning of opposition?

A

Is the movement by which the tip of the thumb touches the tips of the other fingers

46
Q

Which part of the body can perform opposition?

A

The thumb

Y1S2Anatomy (18 decks)

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