Intro to gross anatomy

Question 1

What is meant by systemic anatomy?

Answer 1

deals with the functional organ systems and their different parts like (CVS, RESP, NS, etc)

Question 2

What is meant by regional anatomy?

Answer 2

The anatomy of a particular region of the body like (thorax, lower limb, etc)

Question 3

What is meant by surface anatomy?

Answer 3

The study of superficial markings (used in determining the stethoscope position, injections, physical examinations & surgery)

Question 4

What is meant by applied anatomy?

Answer 4

Studying anatomy with its application in the clinical field

1) clinical anatomy: like giving injections

2) Surgical anatomy: performing correct surgical interventions

3) Endoscopic anatomy: explaining clinical phenomena of diseases (sign & symptoms) “laporotomy”

Question 5

What are the different planes used in anatomy?

Answer 5

1) Median (sagital/midline): divides the body into right & left

2) Paramedian (parasagittal) plane parallel to the median plane but not in the centre

3) Coronal plane: divides the body into anterior and posterior

4) Horizontal (transverse plane): divides the body into upper and lower parts, perpendicular to the median and coronal planes

Question 6

What are the different axes used in anatomy?

Answer 6

1) Longitudinal (vertical) axis: perpendicular to the transverse plane

2) Transverse (horizontal) axis: perpendicular to the median plane

3) Antero-posterior axis: perpendicular to the coronal plane

Question 7

What is the meaning of anterior (ventral)

Answer 7

Towards the front of the body

Question 8

What is the meaning of posterior/dorsal?

Answer 8

Towards the back of the body

Question 9

What is the meaning of median?

Answer 9

In the sagittal plane

Question 10

What is the meaning of medial?

Answer 10

Towards the midline

Question 11

What is the meaning of lateral?

Answer 11

Away from the median plane

Question 12

What is the meaning of superior/cephalic/cranial?

Answer 12

Towards the head/brain

Question 13

What is the meaning of inferior/caudal?

Answer 13

Towards the feet/tail

Question 14

What is the meaning of proximal?

Answer 14

Close to a root/limb

Question 15

What is the meaning of distal?

Answer 15

Away from a limb

Question 16

What is the meaning of superficial?

Answer 16

Closer to the skin (surface of the body)

Question 17

What is the meaning of deep (internal)?

Answer 17

Away from the skin (surface) of the body

Question 18

What is the meaning of peripheral?

Answer 18

Away from the centre of the body

Question 19

What is the meaning of palmar?

Answer 19

Towards the front of the hand

Question 20

What is the meaning of planter?

Answer 20

Towards the sole of the foot

Question 21

What is the meaning of prone?

Answer 21

When the ventral surface of the body faces down

Question 22

What is the meaning of supine?

Answer 22

When the ventral body surface faces upwards

Question 23

What is the meaning of ipsilateral?

Answer 23

On the same side of the body

(when a tumor in one side causes paralysis in the side)

Question 24

What is the meaning of contralateral?

Answer 24

Opposite side of the body

(when a tumor in one side causes paralysis in another side)

Question 25

Describe the nipple with regards to the umbilicus

Answer 25

The nipple is superiolateral to the umbilicus

Question 26

What is the meaning of flexion?

Answer 26

Bending of ventral surfaces with formation of an angle

Question 27

What is the meaning of Extension?

Answer 27

When ventral surface move away from each other

Question 28

What is the meaning of Abduction?

Answer 28

Moving away from the midline

Question 29

What is the meaning of adduction?

Answer 29

Moving towards the midline

Question 30

What is the meaning of circumduction?

Answer 30

combined rotatory movement involving flexion/extension, with abduction/adduction

Question 31

What is the meaning of Medial rotation?

Answer 31

Moving the ventral surface towards the midline (like moving your palm from the anatomical position towards the thigh)

Question 32

What is the meaning of lateral rotation?

Answer 32

Moving the ventral surface away from the midline

Question 33

What is the meaning of elevation?

Answer 33

Moving up

Question 34

What is the meaning of depression?

Answer 34

moving down

Question 35

What is the meaning of protraction?

Answer 35

moving anteriorly

Question 36

What is the meaning of Retraction?

Answer 36

Moving posteriorly

Question 37

What is the meaning of pronation?

Answer 37

Medial rotation of the forearm, so the palm faces backwards

Question 38

What is the meaning of supination?

Answer 38

Lateral rotation of the forearm, so the palm faces forwards

Question 39

What is the meaning of plantar flexion?

Answer 39

Standing on toe tips

Question 40

What is the meaning of dorsiflexion?

Answer 40

Standing on the heels

Question 41

What is the meaning of inversion?

Answer 41

Movement of the foot, so that the sole faces inwards

Question 42

What is the meaning of exversion?

Answer 42

Movement of the foot, so that the sole faces outwards

Question 43

What is the meaning of intorsion?

Answer 43

Rotation of the eyeball around the anteroposterior axis passing through the pupil

Question 44

What is the meaning of extortion?

Question 45

What is the meaning of opposition?

Answer 45

Is the movement by which the tip of the thumb touches the tips of the other fingers

Question 46

Which part of the body can perform opposition?

Answer 46

The thumb