INTRO TO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY

Question 1

What does this describe?

A disciplinary field that is a behavioural medicine concerned with health, illness, and related dysfunction

Answer 1

Health psychology

Question 2

Clinical health psychology:

a) addresses prevention and management of occupational stress

b) addresses management of symptoms and psychological consequences of symptoms

c) addresses community-wide health needs and health-care systems

Answer 2

a) clinical healthy psychology addresses management of symptoms and psychological consequences of symptoms

Question 3

Addresses prevention and management of occupational stress refers to?

Answer 3

Occupational health psychology

Question 4

What kind of health psychology addresses community-wide health needs and health-care systems?

Answer 4

Community Health Psychology

Question 5

T or F: Clinical Health Psychology is a recognized speciality that investigates and implements clinical services across diverse populations and settings to promote health and well-being and to prevent, treat and manage illness and disability.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What populations are served in clinical health psychology?

Answer 6

Anyone with a disease that could be prevented, treated or rehabilitated through psychological techniques or procedures.

Question 7

In clinical health psychology the focus is on problems that present ____________ .

a) emotional complaints
b) mental - health complaints
c) physical complaints

Answer 7

c) physical complaints

Question 8

list the people who might receive clinical health psychology services

Answer 8

a) healthy people
b) people with elevated risk for disease
c) people with acute health problems or complex healthcare needs
d) people with chronic diseases

Question 9

What are the four skills and procedures of clinical health psychology?

Answer 9

Assessment
Consultation
Evaluation
Intervention

Question 10

What word classifies clinical interviewing, medical record viewing and behavioural observation?

Answer 10

Assessment

Question 11

What word classifies evidence-based psychotherapy and behavioural interventions?

Answer 11

Intervention

Question 12

What word classifies discussion with health care team and multidisciplinary teams ?

Answer 12

Consultation

Question 13

What word classifies using research methods to develop and evaluate practices?

Answer 13

Evaluation

Question 14

What kind of psychology does working in the context of acute injury and traumatic brain injury fall under?

Answer 14

Rehabilitation Psychology

Question 15

What do we call psychology that integrates scientific research and clinical practice to address psychological aspects of children’s medical conditions, promoting healthy behaviours in children and their families?

Answer 15

Pediatric Psychology

Question 16

What two philosophers held a holistic view of health?

Answer 16

Hippocrates and Galen

Question 17

Who believed that the mind and the body were part of the same system

Answer 17

Hippocrates and Galen

Question 18

Who founded Cartesian Dualism?

Answer 18

Rene Descartes

Question 19

What did Cartesian Dualism say?

Answer 19

The mind and body are seperate entities

Question 20

What concept explains the belief that illness can be found in the body alone?

Answer 20

Cartesian Dualism

Question 21

What was psychosomatic medicine initially?

Answer 21

Focused on illness behaviour that could be attributed to psychological causes, emphasizing etiology and pathogenesis of physical disease .

Question 22

Who coined the term psychosomatic medicine?

Answer 22

Johann Chrisitan August Heinroth

Question 23

Who is the father of modern psychiatry?

Answer 23

Benjamin Rush

Question 24

Who believed that certain symptoms represented manifestations of unconscious conflicts?

Answer 24

Sigmund Freud

Question 25

Who found that physical disease can be the result of fundamental nuclear, or psychological conflict?

Answer 25

Franz Alexander

Question 26

Who is the founding editor of Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine?

Answer 26

Helen Flanders Dunbar

Question 27

Who invented the biopsychosocial model?

Answer 27

Guze + Matarazzo + Saslow

Question 28

What forms the conceptual basis of health psychology?

Answer 28

Biopsychosocial Model

Question 29

What concept separates the physical and the psychosocial of a disease?

Answer 29

Medical model of disease

Question 30

What concept integrates the biological, psychological, and social factors on health?

Answer 30

Biopsychosocial Model

Question 31

Explain the biopsychosocial model through the example of someone with diabetes.

Answer 31

Biological factors (some people inherit a tendency to gain more weight or a slower metabolic rate) Psychological factors (depression and low self-esteem can lead a person to eat more calorie-dense foods such as in desserts and/or to become physically inactive) Social factors (socio-economic factors such as in ability to afford healthier foods that may be more expensive than “junk food”; absence of social support) All can contribute to the problem as well as play an important role in one’s ability to lose weight and maintain the weight loss.

Question 32

What model posits that readiness to take action concerning health problems is a function of beliefs about health conditions and perception of the benefits of taking action to prevent health problems?

Answer 32

Health Belief Model

Question 33

What is an example of belief about health condition?

Answer 33

- Perceived severity - Perceived risk - Perceived barriers to action

Question 34

Explain how taking your medication is seen in the health belief model.

Answer 34

Whether or not someone takes the medication will be partially dictated by their disease, the risk of the medication, the barriers to taking it and any perceived benefits to take it.

Question 35

The social cognitive theory believes that human behaviour is reflected in a three-way model. What are the 3 models?

Answer 35

Interaction of : Personal factors Environmental influences Behaviour

Question 36

This refers to what concept? How the patient talks to themselves. Ex: "yes I have pain, but if I adhere to my treatment plan, I can overcome it"

Answer 36

Self-Efficacy

Question 37

What concept does this refer to: "I am an active and independent person, even though I am recovering from surgery."

Answer 37

Self-Concept

Question 38

What are the central constructs in social cognitive theory?

Answer 38

Reinforcement Observational learning Self-control Self-efficacy

Question 39

What are the six stages of the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change?

Answer 39

Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Termination

Question 40

What model of behaviour change refers to the "stages of change people may experience when modifying health behaviours" ?

Answer 40

Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change (TTM)

Question 41

What stage is this in TTM? "I'm going to quit within the next 6 months..."

Answer 41

Contemplation

Question 42

What stage is this in TTM? "I just bought a self help book to learn how to break my habit"

Answer 42

Preparation

Question 43

What stage is this in TTM? "I just started using nicotine patches"

Answer 43

Action

Question 44

What stage is this in TTM? "Hmmm... I might quit smoking, but I don't have any plan"

Answer 44

Pre-contemplation

Question 45

In social cognitive theory, what model does this refer to: "People’s beliefs about their ability to effectively address a situation and to yield desirable results"

Answer 45

Self-efficacy

Question 46

T or F Social Cognitive Theory helps explain the socio-cultural; and personal determinants of health

Answer 46

True

Question 47

What theory says that our behaviour is determined by 3 types of beliefs? 1) beliefs about others 2) normative beliefs 3) control beliefs.

Answer 47

Theory of Planned Behaviour

Question 48

What kind of belief is this: Whether we exercise or not may be influenced by our beliefs about whether exercise is beneficial

Answer 48

Behavioural Belief

Question 49

What kind of belief is this: beliefs about whether others expect us to be physically active

Answer 49

Normative beliefs

Question 50

What kind of belief is this: Beliefs about how much control we have over our actions, such as whether we can afford to purchase exercise gear

Answer 50

Control belief

Question 51

Behavioural beliefs lead to favourable + unfavourable __________ about the behaviour.

Answer 51

attitudes

Question 52

Normative beliefs lead to perceived social pressure related to the _____________________ .

Answer 52

subjective norm.

Question 53

Control beliefs lead to a __________ of ____________ control.

Answer 53

perception of behavioural control.

Question 54

What theory describes the way people process and cope with health threats?

Answer 54

The common-sense model (CSM) of self-regulation

Question 55

What does the common-sense model of self-regulation suggest ?

Answer 55

Individuals form a lay view of their health based on various sources of information which guides their coping responses

Question 56

Which model suggests there is a continuous feedback between the efficacy of how people cope with health threats and their perceptions of the health threat?

Answer 56

Common-sense model of self-regulation

Question 57

Which Perspective believes that: Thoughts, behaviour and emotions are interconnected and thus our behaviours and emotions also influence our thoughts.

Answer 57

Cognitive Behavioural Perspective

Question 58

What is the short-term, goal-oriented, and present-day focused therapy that helps patient identify and challenge unhelpful thoughts and learn individual skills that will assist with or improve their health condition?

Answer 58

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

Question 59

What was developed to address the needs of patients in pediatric settings by bringing together clinical, health and developmental psychology?

Answer 59

Pediatric Psychology

Question 60

T or F: "Pediatric psychologist was first defined as dealing primarily with children in a medical setting which is non-psychiatric in nature"

Answer 60

True, today, pediatric psychology is a specialized field within psychology that integrates scientific research and clinical practice to address medical conditions and promotion of health behaviours in children + their families.

Question 61

Who might be called on to help children with diabetes manager their treatment regiment?

Answer 61

Pediatric Psychologist

Question 62

List five main tasks of a pediatric psychologist.

Answer 62

Coping with chronic medical conditions Adherence to pediatric treatment regimens Coping with medical procedures Pediatric chronic pain Pediatric palliative care

Question 63

A Survery of cancer children and their parents found what three stressors are associated with childhood cancer? a) decrease in self-esteem, interruptions in daily role functioning, tarnished parent-child relationship b) physical effects associated with treatment, disruption in academic outcomes, decrease in self-esteem c) interruptions in daily role functioning, physical effects associated with treatment, uncertainty about the cancer

Answer 63

c) interruptions in daily role functioning (missing school days) physical effects associated with treatment (nauseous) uncertainty about the cancer (concerns about longevity)

Question 64

T or F: childhood cancer survey reported high levels of stress associated with interruptions in daily role functioning.

Answer 64

True

Question 65

T or F: "Use of behavioural strategies, such as distraction, are less common in early childhood".

Answer 65

False, coping strategies are MORE common in early childhood and they can DEVELOP into more complex cognitive strategies (cognitive restructuring) in later childhood.

Question 66

What is the best-known coping questionnaire for 7-16 year olds?

Answer 66

Kidcope

Question 67

What can self-efficacy to manage pain be influenced by: a) observations of how family members have coped with pain + our personal experiences of coping with pain b) personal experiences of coping with pain c) observations of family coping with pain

Answer 67

a) BOTH observation of family and personal experience coping with pain.