Intro to Immune System

Question 1

immunity

Answer 1

cellular and molecular events that occur after an organism encounters foreign macromolecules. refers to the ability to respond to foreign substances regardless of the physiologic or pathologic consequence of such reaction.

Question 2

roles of the immune system

Answer 2

defense against infections
defense against tumors
injure cells and induce pathologic inflammation
recognizes and responds to tissue grafts and newly induced proteins

Question 3

immune responses

Answer 3

responses we make against foreign macromolecules

Question 4

adaptive immunity

Answer 4

response of antigen-specific lymphocytes to antigen includes memory

Question 5

innate immunity

Answer 5

protection against antigens that relies on mechanisms that exist before exposure

Question 6

CD

Answer 6

cell surface molecules expressed on various cell types designated by a number.
recognized by monoclonal antibodies.

Question 7

cytokines

Answer 7

bioactive molecules that mediate immune responses

Question 8

types of cytokines

Answer 8

IL, TNF, IFN (alpha, beta, gamma), TGF-beta, CSF

Question 9

chemokines

Answer 9

chemotatic cytokines (come here)

Question 10

antigen (Ag)

Answer 10

a molecule or part of a molecule that is recognized by the immune system, loosely associated with adaptive response

Question 11

immunogen

Answer 11

an antigen that evokes a specific immune response

Question 12

tolerogen

Answer 12

an antigen that induces immunologic tolerance

Question 13

endogenous

Answer 13

the body’s own cellular components or intracellular pathogens

Question 14

autoantigens

Answer 14

self-antigen

Question 15

alloantigens

Answer 15

tissue specific antigen which is present in one individual of a species but not in others

Question 16

intracellular pathogens

Answer 16

viruses, intracellular bacteria, and parasites

Question 17

exogenous

Answer 17

antigens that enter the body or system and freely circulate in the body fluids and are trapped by the APCs. the uptake of these exogenous antigens by APCs are mainly mediated by the phagocytosis.

Question 18

What is part of innate immunity?

Answer 18

epithelial barriers, mast cells, phagocytes, dendritic cells, complement, NK cells and ILCs

Question 19

What is part of adaptive immunity?

Answer 19

B lymphocytes, plasma cells, antibodies, T lymphocytes, effector T cells

Question 20

What cells are phagocytes?

Answer 20

neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells

Question 21

What cell is circulating, short lived, rapid response, but not prolonged defense?

Answer 21

neutrophils

Question 22

Where do monocytes become macrophages?

Answer 22

in tissue

Question 23

M1 classical macrophage

Answer 23

induced by innate immunity play a role in inflammation

Question 24

M2 alternative macrophage

Answer 24

induced by IL-4 and IL-13 and play a role in tissue repair and control of inflammation

Question 25

Which have a prolonged defense: neutrophils or monocyte/macrophage?

Answer 25

monocyte/macrophage

Question 26

Where are dendritic cells found?

Answer 26

all tissues

Question 27

What do dendritic cells do?

Answer 27

antigen processing and presentation

Question 28

What do dendritic cells initiate?

Answer 28

inflammatory response and adaptive immune response

Question 29

What percentage of WBCs are neutrophils?

Answer 29

54-62%

Question 30

Where do neutrophils go once released from bone marrow?

Answer 30

blood to migrate for 7-10 hours, then tissue for 3 day lifespan

Question 31

What happens to neutrophils in response to infection?

Answer 31

released from bone marrow in greater numbers --> neutrophileukocytosis (left shift)

Question 32

Which immune cell is first at the site of inflammation?

Answer 32

neutrophils

Question 33

What is special about neutrophils?

Answer 33

pyogenic (component of pus/abscess)

Question 34

What are neutrophils defined by?

Answer 34

CD15+, CD16b+