Intro to Immune System - Hunter

Question 1

When does the innate immune response start?

Answer 1

The response is immediate and lasts for up to 4 hours

Question 2

What is the time course of the innate immune response?

Answer 2

When an infection starts, the innate response begins immediately following infection and lasts for up to 4 hours. If this response is not adequate then the early induced innate response will be initiated.

Question 3

What comprises the innate immune response?

Answer 3

Recognition by preformed, non-specific and broadly specific effectors

Question 4

What is the time course of the early induced innate response?

Answer 4

4-96 hours. When the initial innate response is not adequate the early induced response is initiated. This response takes time because it involves gene expression and production of new proteins.

Question 5

What comprises the early induced innate immune response?

Answer 5

Recognition of microbial-assciated molecular patterns followed by inflammation recruitment and activation of effector cells.

Question 6

What is the time course of the adaptive immune response?

Answer 6

Later than 96 hours.

Question 7

What comprises the adaptive immune response?

Answer 7

Transport of antigen to lymphoid organs, recognition by naive B and T cells, clonal expansion and differentiation to effector cells.

Question 8

What is the source of almost all of the cells of the immune system?

Answer 8

Bone marrow.

Question 9

Name the three cell lines that arise from hematopoietic stem cells.

Answer 9

Common myeloid progenitors, Common lymphoid progenitors, common erythroid megakaryocyte progenitors.

Question 10

Which two cell lines form most of the cells of the immune system?

Answer 10

The myeloid cell line and lymphoid cell line.

Question 11

Which cell line is associated with the innate immune system?

Answer 11

The myeloid cell line.

Question 12

Which cell line is associated with the adaptive immune system?

Answer 12

The lymphoid cell line.

Question 13

What type of cell is part of the lymphoid cell line but is actually a cell of the innate immune system?

Answer 13

Natural Killer cells.

Question 14

Name the cells that are ultimately produced through common lymphoid progenitor cells.

Answer 14

T-cells, B-cells and NK cells.

Question 15

Name the cells that are ultimately produced through common myeloid progenitor cells.

Answer 15

Granulocytes (Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils), mast cells and monocytes (which become macrophages and dendritic cells ).

Question 16

What do Neutrophils do?

Answer 16

Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms.

Question 17

Name the cells that are ultimately produced through the erythroid megakaryocytic progenitor cells.

Answer 17

Megakaryocytes - which differentiate into platelets and erythroblasts - which differentiate into erythrocytes.

Question 18

What do Natural Killer cells do?

Answer 18

Destroy stressed and virus infected cells.

Question 19

What do eosinophils do?

Answer 19

killing of antibody-coated parasites through release of granule contents.

Question 20

What do Basophils do?

Answer 20

Control immune response to parasites.

Question 21

What do macrophages do?

Answer 21

Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms and activation of T cells and initiation of immune response.

Question 22

What do megakaryocytes do?

Answer 22

Platelet formation, wound repair.

Question 23

What do erythrocytes do?

Answer 23

Oxygen transport.

Question 24

What do dendritic cells do?

Answer 24

Activation of T cells and initiation of adaptive immune response.

Question 25

What do mast cells do?

Answer 25

Expulsion of parasites from body through release of granules containing histamine and other active agents.

Question 26

What do monocytes do?

Answer 26

They are circulating precursors to macrophages.

Question 27

What is the function of small lymphocytes?

Answer 27

Production of antibodies (B cells) or cytotoxic or helper functions (T cells).

Question 28

What are Plasma cells?

Answer 28

Fully differentiated B cells that secrete antibodies.

Question 29

What are the central lymphoid tissues?

Answer 29

The bone marrow and thymus. Immune cells are produced in the bone marrow of adults. T-cells mature in the Thymus.

Question 30

What are the peripheral lymphoid tissues?

Answer 30

Lymphatic system, lymph nodes, spleen, adenoids and tonsils and MALT.

Question 31

What is the largest component of the lymphoid tissue?

Answer 31

MALT or mucosal - associated lymphoid tissue - approx. 75%

Question 32

Where are B cells produced and where do they mature?

Answer 32

In the bone marrow.

Question 33

Where are T cells produced and where do they mature?

Answer 33

They are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the Thymus.

Question 34

What is one of the most important things that happens to the population of T cells in the thymus?

Answer 34

Self-reactive T-cells are destroyed.

Question 35

The primary defense against pathogens that gain access to the tissues is located where?

Answer 35

In lymph nodes.

Question 36

The primary defense against blood pathogens is located where?

Answer 36

In the spleen.

Question 37

where do the majority of pathogens gain access?

Answer 37

Mucosal surfaces.

Question 38

Name 2 types of MALT.

Answer 38

GALT or gut-associated lymphoid tissue and BALT or bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue.

Question 39

Name the differences between pathogen recognition mechanisms in the innate and adaptive immune systems.

Answer 39

Innate immunity includes a rapid response, cell surface pattern recognition receptors that are genomically encoded with a limited number of specificities and has a constant response during infection. Adaptive immunity includes a slow response (days to weeks), cell surface receptors that are variable with a large number of specificities and its response improves during infection.

Question 40

What cell type forms a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune responses?

Answer 40

Dendritic cells.

Question 41

Name the 3 types of antigen presenting cells.

Answer 41

Dendritic cells, macrophages and B lymphocytes