MHC - Hudig Flashcards
What is a gene locus?
A site on a chromosome where a gene is located.
What are alleles?
Variant forms of a gene that occupy one gene locus.
What is MHC?
Major histocompatibility complex - a large multi gene complex on one chromosome. Each chromosome 6 of an individual encodes one MHC haplotype.
What is a haploype?
A haplotype is a group of genes, which is inherited together by an organism from a single parent.
How many classes of MHC (also called HLA) are there in humans?
There are three classes:
MHCI
MHCII
MHCIII
How many loci does Class I MHC have?
It has 3 loci called A, B and C. Each loci encodes an alpha chain.
How many loci does Class II MHC have?
It has 3 loci called DP, DQ and DR. DP and DQ encode for one alpha and one beta chain. DR encodes 2 beta chains.
Are MHC ‘s multigenic and multallelic?
yes
Are most people heterozygous at the MHC loci?
Yes, most people express two different alleles at each of their MHC loci.
When are MHC proteins antigenic?
Only when transplanted.
Is expression of the MHC alleles co-dominant?
yes
How many different MHCI or MHCII proteins will there be on a single cell of a completely heterozygous person?
6 - There are 3 loci on each of a individual’s chromosome 6 and they are expressed co-dominately.
What is beta2 microgloobulin?
A protein that is associated with MHC but is not located in the MHC gene complex.
Describe an MHCI molecule?
Each molecule has a single alpha chain associated with beta2 microglobulin. The alpha chain has 3 domains. The alpha chain domains 1 and 2 form the peptide binding cleft and holds peptides about 9-11 AA’s long. Each MHC holds different proteins and each MHC allele can bind thousands of different peptides.
How are peptides held in the MHCI cleft?
By non-covalent anchoring.