Intro to Immunity

Question 1

What is Innate Immunity

Answer 1

a response that is the same whether or now the pathogen has been encountered before

Question 2

True or False: Invertebrates rely solely on innate immunity

Answer 2

True! The cells are capable of ingestion and digestion of foreign substances

Question 3

Vertebrates have both ___ and ___ immunity

Answer 3

innate and adaptive immunity

Question 4

What are the two barriers / defenses in innate immunity?

Answer 4

External Barriers and Internal Defenses

Question 5

What system does Innate and adaptive immunity share?

Answer 5

The lymphatic system

Question 6

What are the two key pieces of Adaptive immunity?

Answer 6

Antibodies
Lymphocytes

Question 7

What three parts make up the Physical Barrier (First Line of Defense)?

Answer 7

Epithelium
Glandular Secretions
internal epithelia

Question 8

What are the three parts of Non-Specific Defenses (Second-Line of Defense)

Answer 8

Phagocytes
Inflammation
Fever

Question 9

What is Phagocytes

Answer 9

white blood cells that ingest particles, parts of cells, entire cells

Question 10

What are the two classes of Phagocytes?

Answer 10

Microphages
Macrophages

Question 11

What is Inflammation triggered by?

Answer 11

damage to loose connective tissue or cell death

Question 12

What do Mast cells secrete when triggered by Inflammation?

Answer 12

histamine and heparin

Question 13

What triggers a fever?

Answer 13

macrophages pathogens, bacterial toxins

Question 14

What is the Specific Types of Defense (Third Line of Defense)

Answer 14

Natural Killer cells (lymphocytes) & other

Question 15

What is the purpose of the Third line of Defense?

Answer 15

recognize and destroy cells bearing abnormal antigens

Question 16

What are Interferons

Answer 16

Small proteins released by activated lymphocytes, macrophages, an infected cells

Question 17

What are the three parts of the Lymphatic system?

Answer 17

Lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
lymph

Question 18

What is the purpose of Lymphatic vessels

Answer 18

collect fluid from body tissues

Question 19

What is the fluid collected by Lymphatic vessels returned as?

Answer 19

lymph to blood

Question 20

What are Lymph organs ‘packed’ with?

Answer 20

white blood cells

Question 21

What does Circulating Lymph do?

Answer 21

Collect microbes and transports them to lymphatic organs

Question 22

What are antigens

Answer 22

Foreign molecules recognized by our immune systems

Question 23

True or False: Adaptive immune systems are only found in vertebrates?

Answer 23

True!

Question 24

What triggers active immunity?

Answer 24

infection or vaccination

Question 25

What is a vaccination (immunization?)

Answer 25

harmless variant or part of a disease-causing microbe

Question 26

What are the two types of Lymphocytes

Answer 26

B Lymphoctes (B cells) T lymphocytes (T cells)

Question 27

What are Lymphocytes responsible for?

Answer 27

adaptive immunity

Question 28

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 28

white blood cells that spend most of time in tissues and organs of lymphatic system

Question 29

What do B cells participate in?

Answer 29

humoral immune response

Question 30

B cells secrete what into the blood and lymoh

Answer 30

B cells secrete antibodies

Question 31

What do T cells participate in?

Answer 31

cell-mediated immune response

Question 32

T cells attack what?

Answer 32

cells infected with bacteria or viruses

Question 33

Antigen activates a small subset of what?

Answer 33

lymphocytes

Question 34

What are the three cell types in Clonal selection?

Answer 34

Effector cells memory cells plasma cells

Question 35

What are the two key features of Primary immune response?

Answer 35

occurs on first encounter to an antigen slower than secondary immune response

Question 36

What are the two key features of Secondary immune response?

Answer 36

occurs upon second exposure to an antigen faster and stronger than a primary immune response

Question 37

What are the three steps of Helper T cells?

Answer 37

1. Receptors recognize self-nonself complexes 2. Interaction activates helper T cells 3. cytotoxic T cells attack body cells that are infected with pathogens and B cells

Question 38

True or False: Cytotoxic T cells are one of many cells that can kill infected cells

Answer 38

False! Cytotoxic cells bind to infected body cells and destroy them

Question 39

When does Autoimmune diseases occur?

Answer 39

when immune system turns against the body's own molecules

Question 40

What is the two-stage reaction that creates the symptoms of an allergy?

Answer 40

1. sensitization occurs when person is first exposed to allergen 2. begins when person is exposed to the same allergen later