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PATHO > Intro To Immunity And Vax > Flashcards

Intro To Immunity And Vax Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation and prefix

A

Occurs with cell injury “itis”

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2
Q

Inflammation as protection

A

Destroy agents, limits agent spread, prepares tissue for repair

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3
Q

5 signs of inflammation

A

Red, swelling, heat, pain, function loss

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4
Q

Exogenous cause of inflammation

A

Surgery, trauma

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5
Q

Endogenous cause of inflammation

A

Tissue ischemia (dying tissue)

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6
Q

Acute inflammation

A

Under 2 weeks

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7
Q

Chronic inflammation

A

Not helpful to body

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8
Q

Events of inflammation

A

Tissue injury and bacterial antigens, vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, leukocytes recruitment and emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis of antigens and debris

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9
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Neutrophils attracted to inflamed tissue

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10
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Phagocytes eat bacteria and bad cells, creating exudate (fluid containing neutrophils that leaks out of debris and BVs)

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11
Q

Serous exudate

A

Watery, mild, low protein “good kind”

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12
Q

Serosanguinous exudate

A

Pinkish, few RBCs

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13
Q

Purulent exudate (aka fibrinous)

A

Severe inflammation with bacterial infection, neutrophils, protein, debris, abscesses; may require draining, smelly, yellow, green

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14
Q

Hemorrhagic exudate

A

Many RBCs, most severe inflammation; a bleed

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15
Q

Systemic manifestations of inflammation

A

Cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNFalpha—fever, inc neutrophils, lethargy, muscle catabolism

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16
Q

Major histocompatibility complex

A

Cluster of genes on chromosome 6 aka human leukocyte antigen (HLA); tells your body to distinguish btw self and non-self (class 1 and 2)

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17
Q

Specific adaptive immunity

A

B and T cells recognize invaders and attacks, destroys, remember encounter

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18
Q

B cells aka antibody immunity

A

WBCs (lymphocytes); Produce antibodies in body fluids; humoral response to inflammation

19
Q

T cells

A

WBCs (lymphocytes); Cell mediated; stimulate B cells to make more antibodies and attack invaders

20
Q

Memory B cells

A

Remember exposure to antigens (toxin or foreign substance)

21
Q

Plasma B cells

A

Secrete antibodies

22
Q

Antibodies

A

Immunoglobulin that bind to antigens to tag for killing

23
Q

IgG antibodies

A

Most common (75-80%); protect against bacterial and viral infection; previous vax or vax memory

24
Q

IgM antibody

A

10%; activated cytotoxic function; early, recent infection, early to site

25
Q

IgA antibody

A

Secretory functions, protect against infection, breastfeed

26
Q

IgD antibody

A

Serum, more on B-cells, stimulate B cells to multiply and differentiate

27
Q

IgE antibody

A

Parasites and allergies; signal mast cell degeneration

28
Q

Immunity

A

State of resistance against an infection from a particular pathogen

29
Q

Passive immunity

A

Transfer plasma with antibodies from immunized person to non-immune; mother to fetus, injection of antibodies

30
Q

Titer

A

Rare blood test that gives specific antibody levels

31
Q

Active immunity

A

Protected state due to body’s own immune response; active infection—person gets ill and their own body healed them, vaccine

32
Q

Traditional vaccine

A

Inactive or killed organism

33
Q

attenuated vax

A

Weakened org (live vax) but weaker than traditional; not good for immunocompromised or underlying medical conditions

34
Q

Toxoid vax

A

Inactive toxin that stimulates production of antitoxin (tetanus)

35
Q

Conjugate vax

A

Strong protein or toxoid (antigen) from 1 organism attached to weak disease causing organism (antigen) to stimulate stronger response (H influenza type B)

36
Q

MRNA vax

A

Snip genetic code from host and teach body to respond (Pfizer and Moderna COVID vax)

37
Q

How does an infection begin

A

Colonization of a host by a microbial species; localized or systemic

38
Q

Virus

A

DNA or RNA surrounded by protein shell that needs a host to survive

39
Q

Bacteria

A

Bigger than a virus; single-celled organism

40
Q

Causes of infection

A

Virus, bacteria, fungal, Protozoa, prion, Helminths

41
Q

Fungal infection

A

Spore-forming yeast

42
Q

Protozoa

A

Water or environmental dwelling (malaria)

43
Q

Helminths

A

Parasitic

44
Q

Prions

A

Misfolded proteins that attach to each other

PATHO (32 decks)

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