Intro To Immunology

Question 1

What are the CD markers for B-cells?

Answer 1

CD19+ & CD21+

19 used more frequently

Question 2

What is the CD marker for T-cells?

Answer 2

CD3+

T-cells are CD3+, helper cells are CD3+ and CD4+

Question 3

What are the CD markers for Th (helper T -cells) cells?

Answer 3

CD3+ and CD4+

Question 4

Th1 secretes the following 3 cytokines…

Answer 4

IL-2,

IL-12,

IFN-y

Question 5

Th2 secretes the following 3 cytokines….

Answer 5

IL-4,

IL-5,

IL-13

Question 6

Th17 secretes the following cytokines…

Answer 6

IL-17,

IL-22

Question 7

CD markers for T-regulators are _______, _________ and ___________

Answer 7

CD3+,

CD4+,

CD25+

Question 8

Tregs (Regulating T-cells) secrete _______ and _________, which __________

Answer 8

IL-10
&
TGF-B

Regulate/subdue the immune/inflammatory response = are anti-inflammatory

Question 9

CTLs (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes) are identified by CD markers _______ and ________

Answer 9

CD3+

CD8+

Question 10

Match the following cells/structures with innate or adaptive immunity:
Antibodies
Epithelial barriers
Mast cells
Phagocytes
T lymphocytes
Dendritic cells
Complemetn
NK cells and ILCs
B lymphocytes

Answer 10

Innate: epithelial barriers, mast cells, phagocytes, dendritic cells, complement, NK cells and ILCs

Adaptive Immunity: B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, antibodies

Question 11

What is the bridge from innate to adaptive immunity?

Answer 11

Dendritic cells

Question 12

Specific immunity is defined….

Answer 12

The ability to distinguish b/w different, closely related microbes and molecules (adaptive)

Question 13

Acquire immunity is defined as….

Answer 13

The case where potent protective responses are “acquired” by experience

Question 14

Which cytokine tells a multipotent hematopoietic stem cell to differentiate to a lymphoid progenitor?

Answer 14

IL-7

Question 15

Pro-T cells are generated in the ______
Pro-B cells are generated in the ______

T-cells mature in the _________
B-cells mature in the _________

Answer 15

Both are generated in bone marrow

T cells mature in the THYMUS
B cells mature in the BONE MARROW

Question 16

Describe DiGeorge syndrome genetically and symptomatically.

Answer 16

Contiguous deletion of 22q11.21 through 22q11.23

Thymus hypoplasia or asplasia, hypoparathyroidism, congenital cardia malformations, characteristic facial abnormalities

Degree of immunodeficiency varies considerably depending on how much thymus is lost.

Recurrent infections begin soon after birth.

Question 17

Mature naive lymphocytes recirculate between the ________ and the ____________

Answer 17

Blood

Peripheral lymphoid organs

Question 18

True or false, the number of lymphocytes in the blood is much higher than the number of lymphocytes in lymph nodes.

Answer 18

FALSE, the number of lymphocytes in lymph nodes is WAY larger than anywhere else in the body

It goes lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow/intestines,lungs, skin, blood/liver

Question 19

APCs most typically activate _________

Answer 19

T-cells

Question 20

T-cells circulate in the ___________

Answer 20

Lymphatic system

Question 21

T-cells will stop circulation when they meet a ________

Answer 21

APC (antigen presenting cell) that is specific to them

Question 22

Antibodies are attached to or secreted by ________

Answer 22

B-cells

Question 23

Antibodies and B-cells with attached antibodies will typically circulate in the _________

Answer 23

Blood

Question 24

Antibodies circulating in the blood will stop if presented with _________

Answer 24

Soluble antigens in the blood

Question 25

Activated dendritic cells travel to ______________ and present _____ to ____________

Answer 25

Secondary lymphoid tissues Ag Mature, naive T-cells

Question 26

Ag is presented within _________ Class I and/or II

Answer 26

MHC/HLA

Question 27

MHC refers to _______, whereas HLA refers to ________

Answer 27

Mice | Humans

Question 28

Humoral immunity involves ___________ that neutralize and eradicate ______________

Answer 28

Antibodies Exogenous antigens

Question 29

Cell-mediated immunity involves the eradication of _________________

Answer 29

Endogenous antigens

Question 30

The branch of immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B-cells and plasma cells that is the principle adaptive defense against extracellular pathogens is called_________

Answer 30

Humoral immunity

Question 31

During pregnancy, a fetus receives _______ from the mother through the _________ Newborns receive ________ from __________

Answer 31

IgG Placenta IgA Breast milk

Question 32

The branch of immunity demiated by T lymphocytes and macrophages that is the principal adaptive defense against intracellular pathogens is called ________

Answer 32

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 33

TH1 secretes _______ which causes _________ activation and ______ production

Answer 33

IFN-y Macrophage IgG

Question 34

TH1 cells defend against __________ and play a role in __________ diseases and __________ associated with chronic infections

Answer 34

Intracellular microbes Autoimmune Tissue damage

Question 35

TH2 cells secrete _______, _________ & ________

Answer 35

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

Question 36

TH2 cells cause the activation of _________,___________ __________production And "alternative" __________ activation

Answer 36

Mast cell, eosinophil IgE Macrophage

Question 37

TH2 cells defend against ____________ And play a role in __________ disease

Answer 37

Helminthic parasites (worms) Allergic

Question 38

TH17 cells secrete ________ __________, & ____________

Answer 38

IL-17A IL-17F IL-22

Question 39

TH17 cells are involved in the immune reactions of __________ and ____________ _______________

Answer 39

Neutrophilic Monocytic Inflammation

Question 40

TH17 cells defend against ____________ and _________

Answer 40

Extracellular bacteria & Fungi

Question 41

TH17 cells play a role in __________ ____________ diseases

Answer 41

Autoimmune inflammatory

Question 42

Innate and adaptive response can reinforce each other. For example, Antigen-presenting cells (dendritic or macrophages) with ingested microbes can produce ______ which activate naive CD4+ T cells. These now active T-cells are effector T cells, which secrete ______, which activates macrophages so they can kill microbes.

Answer 42

IL-12 (Expansion of T cells to TH1 cells) IFN-y

Question 43

Cytotoxic T Cells are associated with what CD marker?

Answer 43

CD8+

Question 44

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+) are ________-specific, ______ restricted, Involved in the killing of ___________ pathogens They store lytic granules that contain __________, which are delivered direction onto the surface of the infected target cell.

Answer 44

Antigen-specific MHC restricted Intracellular Cytotoxins

Question 45

Define immunization

Answer 45

Antigenic stimulus that elicits specific adaptive immune responses that can be recalled during subsequent infections

Question 46

What type of immunization involves the introduction of antibody or antiserum into a naive recipient? Give two examples of this type of immunization.

Answer 46

Passive Artificial passive: IVIG Natural passive: maternal IgG across placenta and IgA through breast milk

Question 47

What type of immunization involves the introduction of an antigen that provokes an adaptive immune response? Give two examples of this type of immunization.

Answer 47

Active immunization Natural: exposure to antigen in the world Artificial: vaccination