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Kinesiology > Intro to Kinesiology > Flashcards

Intro to Kinesiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is kinematics?

A

Describes motion without considering the cause.

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2
Q

What concepts relate to kinematics?

A
  1. Linear displacement
  2. Linear velocity
  3. Linear acceleration
  4. Angular displacement
  5. Angular velocity
  6. Angular acceleration
  7. Osteokinematics
  8. Arthrokinematics
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3
Q

What is kinetics?

A

Describes the causes of movement.

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4
Q

What concepts relate to kinetics?

A
  1. Force
  2. Mass
  3. Inertia
  4. Weight
  5. Pressure
  6. Moment of Force
  7. Momentum
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5
Q

What is linear (translation) motion?

A

When all parts of a rigid body move parallel to and in the same direction as every other part of the body.

  • Can be rectilinear or curvilinear and is measured in meters or feet
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6
Q

What is angular (rotation) motion?

A

Motion in which an assumed rigid body moves in a circular path around some pivot point.

  • Measure in degrees or radians
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7
Q

What is osteokinematics?

A

It is a form of kinematics that describes motion of bones relative to the sagittal, frontal, or horizontal planes.

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8
Q

What is the axis of rotation?

A

The pivot point for angular motion. Describes how bones rotate about an axis that is perpendicular to the plane of motion.

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9
Q

What are the axes of rotation for the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes?

A

Sagittal plane –> M/L axis
Frontal –> A/P axis
Transverse –> Vertical Axis

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10
Q

What are Degrees of Freedom?

A

Number of independent directions of movement allowed at a joint.

Uniaxial joint = 1 DOF
Biaxial joint = 2 DOF
Triaxial joint = 3 DOF

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11
Q

What is the name for when a proximal segment moves on a relatively fixed distal segment?

A

Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC)

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12
Q

What is the name for when a distal segment moves on a relatively fixed proximal segment?

A

Open Kinetic Chain (OKC)

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13
Q

What is Arthrokinematics?

A

Describes the motion that occurs between joint surfaces.

In most joints, one surface is convex and one is concave.

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14
Q

What is the benefit of the convex-concave relationship?

A
  1. Improves joint congruency
  2. Increases surfaces area for dissipating contact forces
  3. Helps guide motion between bones
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15
Q

Define the roll of a joint in arthrokinematics.

A

Multiple points along one rotating articular surface contact multiple points on another articular surface.

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16
Q

Define the glide of a joint in arthrokinematics.

A

A single point on one articular surface contacts multiple points on another articular surface.

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17
Q

Define the spin of a joint in arthrokinematics.

A

A single point on one articular surface rotates on a single point on another articular surface.

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18
Q

What determines the glide of a joint?

A

The convex-concave rule.

19
Q

Which direction will the glide of a joint occur if the joint surfaces are convex on concave?

A

It will move in the OPPOSITE direction.

20
Q

Which direction will the glide of a joint occur if the joint surfaces are concave on convex?

A

It will move in the SAME direction.

21
Q

Describe the closed-packed position.

A
  • It is the position of maximal congruency of a joint.
  • Typically seen near or at end range.
  • Most ligaments and capsule are taut and the joint is stable.
  • There is minimal accessory movement.
22
Q

Describe the loose-packed position.

A
  • It is the position with the least amount of congruency near midrange.
  • Ligaments and capsule on slack.
  • Allows for increased accessory movement
  • Often where joint mobility assessments are done.
23
Q

What is force? What are the different types of forces applied to MSK system?

A

Force = push or pull that produces, arrest, or modifies movement.

Types = unloaded, tension, compression, bending, shear, torsion, combined loading

24
Q

What 2 regions are included in the elastic region on the stress-strain curve?

A
  1. Toe region

2. Linear region

25
Q

Define the toe region and the linear region on the stress-strain curve.

A

Toe Region = area that must be drawn taut before tension is measured.

Linear Region = after slack is taken up; linear relationship between stress and strain.

*If stretched within the elastic region, tissue will return to original length.

26
Q

What 2 points are included in the plastic regions of the stress-strain curve?

A
  1. Yield point

2. Ultimate failure point

27
Q

Define the yield point and the ultimate failure point on the stress-strain curve.

A

Yield point = elongation occurs beyond physiologic range

Ultimate failure point = point where tissue is partially or completely separated

28
Q

What are viscoelastic tissues in the MSK system dependent on?

A

Time and rate

29
Q

What is creep?

A

It is a property of viscoelasticity that describes progressive strain of a material that is exposed to a constant load over time.

Ex: Vertebral disc

30
Q

What is an internal force?

A

A force produced within the body. It can be active or passive.

31
Q

What is an external force?

A

A force produced outside of the body.

32
Q

What is a force vector?

A

A depiction of force drawn as an arrow specified by magnitude and direction.

33
Q

What is a moment arm?

A

The perpendicular distance between axis of rotation of the joint and the force.

*Product of force and its moment arm produce torque.

34
Q

What is internal torque?

A

A product if internal force and internal moment arm.

35
Q

What is an internal moment arm?

A

Perpendicular distance between axis of rotation and internal force.

36
Q

What is external torque?

A

A product of the external force and external moment arm.

37
Q

What is an external moment arm?

A

Perpendicular distance between axis or rotation and external force.

38
Q

Define a lever.

A

A simple machine with rigid rod suspended across pivot point.

39
Q

What is a pivot point?

A

A fulcrum.

40
Q

What are the dominant forces involved in MSK levers?

A
  1. Force produced by muscle
  2. Gravity
  3. Physical contact with the environment
41
Q

Define a 1st class lever.

A

When the axis of rotation is between the opposing forces.

Best designed for balance.

42
Q

Define a 2nd class lever.

A

When the axis of rotation is located at one end, resistance in middle and force at other end.
Rare in MSK system.

43
Q

Define a 3rd class lever.

A

When the axis is at one end with the force in the middle and resistance at the opposite end.
Most common lever in human body.

Kinesiology (10 decks)

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