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Kinesiology > Joint Structure and Function > Flashcards

Joint Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of a synarthroses joint?

A

They have essentially no movement.

Function to bind and transfer forces between bones.

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2
Q

Describe a diarthroses joint.

A

A joint that allows for moderate to extensive motion. They have a synovial fluid-filled cavity.

EX: GH Joint

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3
Q

What are the elements that are always associated with synovial joints?

A
  1. Synovial fluid
  2. Articular cartilage
  3. Joint capsule
  4. Synovial membrane
  5. Ligaments
  6. Blood vessels
  7. Sensory nerves
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4
Q

What are other features that are sometimes noted in synovial joints?

A
  1. Intra-articular disc = increase congruency and improve force dispersion
  2. Peripheral labrum = deepen concave joint and support attachment of joint capsule
  3. Fat pads = reinforce internal aspects of capsule and fill non-articulating joint spaces.
  4. Bursa = extension of synovial membrane; absorb force and protect CT
  5. Synovial plica = overlapped pleats of tissue
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5
Q

What are the 3 functions of joints?

A
  1. Allow for motion
  2. Bear body weight
  3. Provide stability
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6
Q

What are the 7 types of synovial joints?

A
  1. Hinge
  2. Pivot
  3. Ellipsoid
  4. Ball and Socket
  5. Plane joint
  6. Saddle joint
  7. Condyloid joint
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7
Q

What is an instantaneous axis of rotation?

A

Axis of rotation for a specific arc of motion.

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8
Q

Define what connective tissue (CT) forms. What are the three different components of CT?

A

Connective tissue forms capsules, ligaments, tendons, articular cartilage, and fibrocartilage

Components:

  1. Fibrous protein = collagen & elastin
  2. Ground substance = water, solutes, glycosaminoglycans
  3. Cells = fibroblast and chondrocytes
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9
Q

What are the 3 different types of periarticular connective tissue?

A
  1. Dense connective tissue
  2. Articular cartilage
  3. Fibrocartilage
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10
Q

What are some examples of dense connective tissue?

A

Ligaments, fibrous layer of joint capsules, and tendons

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11
Q

Describe dense irregular connective tissue.

A

Irregular = irregular and haphazard orientation of collagen within ground substance.
Best suited to resist tensile force in multiple directions.

EX: joint capsule

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12
Q

Describe dense regular connective tissue

A

Regular = more orderly/near parallel orientation of collagen fibers.

EX: Ligaments and tendons

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13
Q

What are the primary functions of dense connective tissue?

A

Resist tension!
Ligaments and joint capsules protect and bind the joint.
Tendons transfer forces b/w muscle and bone.

*Limited blood supply

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14
Q

What is the primary function of articular cartilage?

A

Distributes and absorbs joint forces and reduces joint friction.

*Receives nutrition with compression!

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15
Q

How is articular cartilage classified?

A

Avascular and aneural

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16
Q

What are some examples of fibrocatilage?

A

Menisci, labrum, and disc

17
Q

What is fibrocartilage made of?

A

A mixture of dense and articular cartilage

18
Q

What is fibrocartilage main function?

A

Supports and mechanically stabilizes joints, dissipates loads across multiple planes, and guides complex arthrokinematics.

*Aneural and limited blood supply

19
Q

What does bone consist of?

A

Type 1 collagen, osteoblast, and hard ground substance

20
Q

What is the primary function of bone?

A

Rigid support to the body and systems of levers for muscles.
Can accept tremendous compressive loads.

*Richly vascularized and innervated.

21
Q

What is compact bone and cancellous bone?

A

Compact = outer cortex of long bones

Cancellous bone = end of long bones with thinner layer of compact bone surrounded by a network of cancellous bone.

22
Q

What does Wolff’s Law state?

A

“Bone is laid down in areas of high stress and reabsorbed in areas of low stress.”

23
Q

What are 3 different effects of immobalization?

A
  1. Immobilized joint will demonstrate changes in structure and function of connective tissues if immobilized for prolonged time.
  2. Rate of decline is dependent on metabolic activity of the tissue.
  3. Rapid loss of strength occurs with prolonged reduced loading and recovery is slower.

Kinesiology (10 decks)

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