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MCP Unit 7 > Intro to lipids and their metabolism > Flashcards

Intro to lipids and their metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

major storage form of metabolic energy

A

triglycerides

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2
Q

Three reasons for storing energy as fat

A
  1. lower oxidation state = more nrg per gram
  2. anhydrous = more nrg per gram
  3. anhydrous = don’t affect osmotics = stored as large fraction of cell’s volume (lots of room for storage)
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3
Q

why are the double bonds in polyunsaturated fats neither adjacent nor oxidixed

A

too easily oxidized

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4
Q

glycerol

A

esterified version of fatty acids

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5
Q

what is the only organ that can’t use non-esterified fatty acids as fuel

A

brain

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6
Q

two sources of NEFA

A

dietary fat (TG), FA synthesized de nuovo

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7
Q

how are dietary fats (TGs) made accessible

A

exogenous pathway

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8
Q

how are fatty acids synthesized de nuovo made available

A

endogenous pathway

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9
Q

where are fatty acids made de nuovo

A

liver, adipose cells

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10
Q

C14

A
  • DB = 0
  • acid = mystric
  • salt = mystrate
  • D = 14:0
  • w n/a
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11
Q

C16, 0 double bonds

A
  • acid = palmitic
  • salt = palmitate
  • D = 16:0
  • w = n/a
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12
Q

C16, 1 double bond

A
  • acid = palmitoleic
  • salt = palmitoleate
  • D = 16:1D9
  • w = 16:1w-7
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13
Q

C18 0 double bonds

A
  • acid = stearic
  • salt = stearate
  • D = 18:0
  • w = n/a
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14
Q

C18 1 double bond

A
  • acid = oleic
  • oleate
  • D = 18:1D9
  • w = 18:1w-9
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15
Q

C18 2 double bonds

A
  • acid = a-linoleic
  • salt = linoleiate
  • D = 18:2D9,12
  • w = 18:2w-6
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16
Q

C18, 3 double bonds

A
  • acid = linolenic
  • salt = linolenate
  • D = 18:3D9,12,15
  • w = 18:3w-3
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17
Q

C20 4 double bonds

A
  • acid = arachadonic
  • salt = arachadonate
  • D = 20:4D5,8,11,14
  • w = 20:4w-6
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18
Q

form of fatty acids used most as fuel

A

non-esterified

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19
Q

what is acetyl coA derived from

A

fatty acids

20
Q

what does acetyl coA yield in the CAC

A

ATP, heat

21
Q

components of bile

A

bile acids, phosphatidyl choline, cholestrol

22
Q

enzyme for hydrolysis of ester bonds in TGs

A

lipase

23
Q

activation of pancreatic lipase

A

complex with colipase and a droplet of emulsified lipid

24
Q

bile salts (activate/inactivate) lipase

A

inactivate

25
Q

lipase is what type of enzyme

A

esterase

26
Q

products of cleavage with lipase

A

2-monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) and NEFA

27
Q

how are lipids absorbed into intestinal wall

A
  • incorporated into mixed micelles

- then free FA, MAG, and glycerol diffuse or are transported

28
Q

in a mixed micelle, MAG and NEFA are oriented

A

inside - nonpolar

29
Q

in a mixed micelle, glycerol backbone is oriented

A

toward aq phase

30
Q

FA transporter in enterocytes

A

FATP5

31
Q

glycerol transporter

A

AQP3

32
Q

bile acids are reabsorbed into

A

enterohepatic recirculation

33
Q

bile salts (enter fat-absorbing enterocytes/stay in duodenal lumen)

A

stay in duodenal lumen

34
Q

once in the enterocytes, TGs

A

are resynthesized from 2-MAG and LCFAs,

packaged into cylomicrons

35
Q

lipoprotein particles

A

chylomicrons

36
Q

what enzymes do enterocytes use to resynthesize TGs from 2-MAG and LCFAs

A
  • acyl CoA synthetase (thinokinase)

- acyltransferases (transacylases)

37
Q

what sizes fatty acids are normally found in feces

A

small chain

38
Q

which sizes of fatty acids require lipase for digestions

A

LCFAs only

39
Q

how are SCFAs and MCFAs absorbed

A

diffuse through enterocytes without prior enzymatic digestion; bypass hydrolysis and resynthesis

40
Q

principle protein of nascent chilomicrons

A

Apo-B48

41
Q

lipoprotein lipase

A

releases FAs from chylomicrons

42
Q

products of lipoprotein lipase

A

glycerol, NEFA

43
Q

effect of lipoprotein lipase in VLDL

A

releases FAs

44
Q

apoprotein added to chylomicron, recognized by lipoprotein lipase

A

CII

45
Q

hormone that promotes lipoprotein lipase release from adipocytes and muscle

A

insulin

MCP Unit 7 (7 decks)

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