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Managing Musculoskeletal Conditions > Intro to MSK > Flashcards

Intro to MSK Flashcards

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1
Q

Pharmacist’s role in ‘pain management’

A

Recommending appropriate analgesics (NSAIDs, paracetamol, opioids) and managing risks

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2
Q

Pharmacist’s role in ‘DMARDs and biologics’

A

Ensuring adherence, monitoring side effects (e.g. methotrexate toxicity, infection risks)

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3
Q

Pharmacist’s role in ‘bisphosphonates and bone health’

A

Advising on correct use (e.g. taking alendronic acid on empty stomach)

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4
Q

Pharmacist’s role in ‘polypharmacy and interactions’

A

Managing drug interactions (e.g. NSAIDs and anticoagulants, corticosteroids and osteoporosis risk).

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5
Q

Pharmacist’s role in ‘lifestyle and prevention’

A

Encouraging weight loss, exercise, smoking cessation and fall prevention

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6
Q

Pharmacist’s role in ‘interdisciplinary working’

A

Collaborating with GPs, rheumatologists, physiotherapists, and pain specialists

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7
Q

What are bones?

A

Rigid structures that form the skeleton, providing shape and support

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8
Q

What are muscles?

A

Contractile tissues that enable movement by pulling on bones

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9
Q

What are joints?

A

Areas where bones meet, allowing movement (e.g. hinge, ball-and-socket)

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10
Q

What are tendons?

A

Connect muscles to bones, transmitting force for movement

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11
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Connect bones to other bones, stabilizing joints

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12
Q

What is a cartilage?

A

Flexible tissue that cushions joints and supports structures like the rib cage

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13
Q

What is the function of the musculoskeletal system?

A

support (body’s framework), movement, protection of vital organs, blood cell production by the bone marrow, mineral storage

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14
Q

What makes up a muscle?

A

tendon, biceps brachii (short + long head)

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15
Q

What makes up a bone?

A

spongy bone, marrow cavity, periosteal arteries, nutrient artery, articular cartilage, periosteum, compact bone, metaphyseal artery

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16
Q

What makes up a tendon + ligament?

A

quadriceps tendon, kneecap, patellar tendon, lateral collateral ligament, medial collateral ligament, meniscus, shin bone (tibia)

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17
Q

What makes up a joint?

A

articular cartilage, synovial membrane, articular capsule, subchondral bone, calcified cartilage, deep zone, middle zone, superficial zone

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18
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

A

upper limb (facilitates fine motor function) - arm, forearm, hand
lower limb (supports weight-bearing and locomotion) - thigh, leg and foot
pectoral girdle (connects arm to torso) - shoulder
pelvic girdle (supports weight transfer to legs) - hip bones

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19
Q

How many bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

A

126 bones

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20
Q

What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?

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A

movement and limb support

21
Q

How many bones make up the axial skeleton?

22
Q

What is the function of the axial skeleton?

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A

it forms the central framework of the body, providing support and protection for vital organs

23
Q

What is the function of the skull?

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A

Protects the brain and supports sensory organs

24
Q

What is the vertebral column made up of and what is its function?

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A

Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx (also known as the spine)
Provides structural support and houses the spinal cord

25
What is the rib cage made up of and what is it's function?
a.k.a thoracic cage - ribs and sternum Protects the heart and lungs while allowing for respiration
26
What is the anatomy of a thoracic cage?
Sternum (manubrium, body, xyphoid process), costal cartilage, true (vertebrosternal) ribs (1-7), vertebrochondral ribs (8-10), false ribs (8-12), floating ribs (11-12)
27
What is the structure of osseous tissue?
Spongy bone, metaphyseal artery, marrow cavity, compact bone, periosteal arteries, osteon (blood vessels, nerve, osteocyte, lamellae), nutrient artery, periosteum, articular cartilage
28
List the types of skeletal joints
Planar, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle, Ball and socket
29
List the types of muscle contraction
isometric contraction, concentric contraction, eccentric contraction
30
What is the structure of a tendon?
- composed of dense regular connective tissue, primarily collagen type I fibers - highly organised parallel fibers allow resistance to tensile (pulling) forces - poor blood supply -> slow healing
31
What is the function of a tendon?
- Transmit force from muscle contraction to bones -> movement - act as shock absorbers, reducing stress on muscles
32
What is the clinical relevance of a tendon?
- Tendinitis (inflammation e.g. Achilles tendinitis) due to overuse - Tendinopathy - chronic degeneration without inflammation
33
What is the structure of a ligament?
- Made of dense regular connective tissue but less organised than tendons - Mostly collagen type I, with some elastin (for flexibility) - Low vascularization -> slow healing after injury
34
What is the function of a ligament?
- Stabilize joints by limiting excessive movement - Prevent dislocations and maintain structural integrity
35
What is the clinical relevance of a ligament?
Sprains - ligament overstretching/tearing (e.g. ACL tear in the knee). Hyperlaxity syndromes - loose ligaments (e.g. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)
36
What is the structure of a cartilage?
- made of chondrocytes embedded in an extracellular matrix of collagen type II and proteoglycans - Avascular (no direct blood supply) -> nutrients diffuse from surrounding synovial fluid
37
List the types of cartilage
hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage
38
What is the function of a hyaline cartilage?
- smooth, glassy texture to reduce friction in joints - found in articular cartilage (covering ends of bones)
39
What is the clinical relevance of a hyaline cartilage?
Degeneration of the hyaline cartilage causes osteoarthritis
40
What is the function of fibrocartilage?
- Dense, tough cartilage rich in collagen type I and II. - Absorbs shock and resists compression
41
What is the clinical relevance of fibrocartilage?
Herniated discs, meniscus tears
42
What is the function of elastic cartilage?
- flexible due to high elastin content - allows structures to maintain shape while bending
43
What is the structure of FASCIA?
- Thin sheets of collagen-rich connective tissue that surrounds muscles, nerves and blood vessels - Includes superficial fascia (under the skin) and deep fascia (surrounding muscles)
44
What is the function of FASCIA?
- Provides structural support and reduces friction during movement - Compartmentalises muscles and assists in force transmission
45
What is the clinical relevance of FASCIA?
plantar fasciitis - inflammation of foot fascia compartment syndrome - increased pressure in muscle compartments, restricting blood flow
46
What is the structure of the bone matrix?
Collagen type I fibers - 90%, provides structural support and tensile strength Type V collagen - regulates type I collagen fibrillogenesis (organization) Type III collagen - present in the early stages of bone development and repair Type XII + XIV collagen - interact with type I collagen to help with matrix organisation Calcium hydroxyapatite - mineral component, gives bones their strength Highly vascularised - allowing bone remodelling
47
What is the function of the bone matrix?
Provides rigid support and protection Stores calcium and phosphate Contains bone marrow for blood cell production
48
What is the clinical relevance of the bone matrix?
Osteoporosis - reduced bone density due to mineral loss Fractures - disruption in bone integrity
49
What factors does MSC differentiation depend on?
biochemical signals, mechanotransduction, O2 tension, immune system and inflammation, vascularisation and metabolic state

Managing Musculoskeletal Conditions (4 decks)

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