Intro to MSK Injuries Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is the Gustilo-Anderson Classification? What are the 3 classifications?
Classifies open fractures
- I. Low energy wound, <1 cm.
- II. Wound >1 cm in length w/mod. amount of soft tissue damage.
- III. High energy wound, >10 cm/extensive soft tissue damage.
What types of injuries are associated w/type III open Fx classification when assoc. w/Fx?
- High velocity GSW.
- Shotgun wound.
- Segmental Fx.
- Co-existing vascular injury.
- Significant diaphyseal bone loss.
- Fx sustained in agricultural environment (high risk of infx).
- Crush from moving vehicle.
Describe a transverse, oblique and spiral fracture?
- Transverse - Fx at rt. angle to cortices of long axis of bone.
- Oblique - Fx line oblique to cortices of long axis of bone.
- Spiral - torsional force, spiral, “twist.”
What is the most worrisome aspect of fractures?
If the Fx involves the intra-articular space; 1/3 involvement requires an ortho consult.
Describe a comminuted and segmental Fx?
- Comminuted - more than one segment, “Shattered.”
- Segmental - bone separated into segments by a Fx.
- *Remember the diff b/t segmental and butterfly segmental.
How are a Torus/Buckle and a Greenstick Fx described?
Incomplete Fractures.
Describe a Torus/Buckle and a Greenstick Fx?
- Torus/Buckle - compression Fx or impaction of bone on itself.
- Greenstick - the bone bends and breaks but the Fx is incomplete.
Who are greenstick Fx’s most often seen in?
Children due to their bones being very flexible.
Are Torus/Buckle and Impacted Fx’s the same?
Essentially yes, but impaction is a more severe type of torus/buckle Fx.
What is the difference between Separation, Displaced and Non-Displaced Fx’s?
- Separation - a Fx w/distance between the bone ends; aligned longitudinally.
- Displaced - lateral distance between the two bones involved (distal fragment moved in relation to proximal fragment).
- Non-Displaced - Fx that is aligned correctly; longitudinally.
What is angulation? Give an example?
The angle of distal fragment in relation to proximal fragment.
**Colles Fx of the wrist.
What is an avulsion Fx?
A “chip” Fx; a ligament or tendon pulls a piece of bone off, rather than rupture itself.
What is an intra-articular Fx? What is required with an intra-articular Fx?
Where the Fx extends into or involves the joint articular space; requires ortho consult, will need OR.
What is a stress Fx?
Repeated small insults to a site; may not Fx completely.
What is a pathologic Fx?
A Fx related to a diseased bone; it is weakened by pathology and then a Fx.
What is an impacted Fx?
telescoping of bone, compaction of one bone into another.
Similar to a Torus/Buckle but at greater severity.
What is a depressed Fx?
Step-off, sunken in; typically involves the skull.
What is the difference between Dislocation and Subluxation?
Dislocation = no contact b/t articular surfaces; ex. humoral head dislocation from the glenohumoral joint.
Subluxation = an incomplete dislocation; there is partial contact of articular surfaces.
What is common among dislocation and subluxation?
They both will have swelling, pain and tenderness around the joint, along w/ligamentous disruption.
What is concerning regarding dislocations?
There is potential for neurovascular compromise.
What requires an Ortho Consult?
- Open Fx or Joint = often OR, IV Abx, Tetanus consideration.
- Articular surface involved in Fx.
- Epiphyseal (growth) plate Fx.
What is Delayed Union, Nonunion and Malunion?
- Delayed union = Fx that fails to unite in usually time required for union; 4-6 wks is normal union time.
- Nonunion = a failed union; fragments have stopped the process of bone repair, usually some separation and the bone cannot bridge the gap.
- Malunion = Fx union w/angulation; did not heal in the correct longitudinal position.
What is Osteopenia?
A condition that occurs when the body doesn’t make new bone as quickly as it reabsorbs old bone; bone loss.
What is the Salter-Harris Classification?
Used to classify epiphyseal/growth plate fractures in pediatrics; 5 classes.
