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Anatomy > Intro to Muscles and Nerves > Flashcards

Intro to Muscles and Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many joints does the Biceps Brachii cross ?

A

2 joints

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2
Q

How many joints does the Brachioradialis cross ?

A

1 joints

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3
Q

When does the diaphragm ascend and descend ?

A

Descend on contraction and ascend on relaxation

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4
Q

What muscles does the rotator cuff comprise of ?

A

Supraspinatous muscle
Subscapularis muscle
Teres minor muscle
Infraspinatous muscle

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5
Q

What separates the muscles into the anterior and posterior compartments ?

A

Intermuscular septum

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6
Q

What types of muscles are found in the anterior compartment ?

A

Flexors

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7
Q

What types of muscles are found in the posterior compartment ?

A

Extensors

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8
Q

What are ligaments and tendons made of ?

A

Dense regular fibrous tissue

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9
Q

What does a ligament attach to ?

A

Bone to bone (to stabilize a joint)

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10
Q

What does a tendon attach to ?

A

Muscle to bone (found at the end of a joint)

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11
Q

What region do the nerves supplying the forearm muscles originate ?

A

The cervical neck region

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12
Q

What are the spinal nerve roots of the brachial plexus ?

A

C5-T1

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13
Q

What are the spinal nerve roots of the sacrolumbar plexus ?

A

L1-S4

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14
Q

What is the name of the flat tendon which covers each layer of the abdominal muscles ? and what is its function ?

A

Aponeurosis

Absorbs the energy when muscles are stretched or contracted

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15
Q

Which two bones does the sternomastoid muscle attach to inferiorly?

A

Clavicle and sternum

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16
Q

Which bone does the sternomastoid muscle attach to superiorly ?

A

Mastoid process

17
Q

What kind of nerves emerge from the dorsal root ?

A

sensory neurons

18
Q

What kinds of nerves emerge from the ventral root ?

A

Motor neurons

19
Q

What is present shortly after the dorsal root ?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

20
Q

What kind of neurons are present in the dorsal ramus ?

A

Mixed motor and sensory

21
Q

What kind of neurons are present in the ventral ramus ?

A

Mixed motor and sensory

22
Q

What muscles does the dorsal ramus feed ?

A

The skeletal muscles of the back and the sensory back receptors

23
Q

What muscles does the ventral ramus feed ?

A

The sensory receptors of the limbs and trunk and the skeletal muscles of the limbs and trunk

24
Q

What part of the spinal cord/spinal nerves supplies the motor input to the erector spinae and the sensory input to the skin on the back ?

A

Dorsal Ramus

25
Q

What part of the spinal cord/spinal nerves supplies the motor input to the intercostal and abdominal muscles and sensory input to the skin overlying these muscles ?

A

The ventral ramus

26
Q

What is the name of the nerves that supply the intercostal muscles ?

A

The intercostal nerves (derived from the ventral ramus)

27
Q

Where does the nerve that supplies the intercostal muscles lie ?

A

Below the rib of the same number

12 ribs therefore 12 intercostal nerves

28
Q

What intercostal nerves also supply the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall ?

A

The 6 lower intercostal nerves (T7-T12)

29
Q

What is a dermatome ?

A

An area of the skin supplied by nerves from a single spinal root

30
Q

What joint occurs in the midline of the trunk at dermatome T2 ?

A

The sternal angle

31
Q

What surface features of the body are found t dermatome T4 ?

A

The nipples

32
Q

What surface feature of the body marks the dermatome T10 ?

A

The umbilicus

33
Q

What is myelin ?

A

A fatty white sheath that surrounds the axon of some nerves cells forming an electrical insulating layer

34
Q

What is the name of the layer that surrounds the myelin sheath in an axon ?

A

Endoneurium

35
Q

What is the name of the layer that surrounds the bundle of axons to create a fasciculus ?

A

Perineurium

36
Q

What is the name of the layer around the entire group or bundles of fasciculus that create a nerve ?

A

Epineurium

37
Q

What’s the name of the cell that surrounds individual axons ?

A

Schwann cells

Anatomy (4 decks)

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