intro to musculoskeletal system Flashcards
structural classification of joints
Fibrous – bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue eg. sutures
Cartilaginous – bones joined by cartilage – in spine our intervertebral discs are made of cartilage (fibrocartilage) and they connect the bones in vertebrae
Synovial – bones not directly joined eg. Shoulder joint
functional classifications of joints
synarthrosis - no movement eg. fibrous or cartilaginous joints
amphiarthrosis - little movement
diarthrosis - free movement eg. synovial joints
describe a synarthrosis joint
the bony edges are quite close together and may even interlock
extremely strong joints and are located where movement between bones must be prevented eg.sutures (between skull bones) or gomphosis (binds teeth to bony sockets)
describe a synovial joint
layer of hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage lines joint surfaces
bones do not touch
joint capsule consists of inner synovial membrane and outer fibrous membrane
joint capsule contains synovial fluid - secreted by synovial membrane
additional devices - bursae, labrum and menisci
function of a ligament
connects bone to bone
strengthens and keeps everything in place
function of tendons
connects muscle to bone
shapes of synovial joints and their movements
pivot, hinge and plane are uniaxial
condyloid and saddle are biaxial
ball and socket are multiaxial
examples for each of the synovial joints
plane - acromioclavicular joint between acromion of scapula and clavicle
hinge - elbow joint
saddle - carpometacarpal joint at base of thumb
condyloid - knuckle joints
ball and socket - hip joints
pivot joints - first and second vertebrae of neck
difference between primary and secondary cartilaginous joints
primary - use hyaline cartilage and are normally temporary
secondary - fibrocartilage and are strong
what restricts range of movement for skeletal muscle
fibre length - long muscles have greater movement
what does the number of fibres in skeletal muscle restrict
strength - more fibres means stronger
classifications of skeletal muscle
flat muscles - parallel fibres often with an aponeurosis
pennate muscles - feather like - unipennate, bipennate and multipenate
fusiform muscles - spindle shaded with round thick belly/bellies and tapered ends
convergent muscles - arise from a broad area and converge to form a single tendon
quadrate muscles - four equal sides
circular or sphincteral muscles - surround a body opening
layers of the body
epidermis dermis subcutaneous tissue (superficial fascia) deep fascia muscle
