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CAIS > Intro to neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Intro to neuroanatomy Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

CNS

A

Brain
Spinal cord

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2
Q

Components of brain

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
basal ganglia
brain stem

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3
Q

components of spinal cord

A

spinal tracts
meninges
axial skeleton

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4
Q

PNS

A

cranial nerves
major plexuses
all other nerves

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5
Q

What is the most complex region of human anatomy

A

CNS

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6
Q

what has more structures/regions in a smaller area than any other part of the body

A

brain

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7
Q

what does embryology start with —-

A

neural tube

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8
Q

what is the neural tube created from

A

ectoderm

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9
Q

when is the neural tube formed

A

between 2nd and 4th week after conception

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10
Q

The neural tube differentiates into 3 regions

A

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

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11
Q

Forebrain

A

telencephalon
diencephalon
cerebrum (basal ganglia and amygdala)
thalamus
hypothalamus

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12
Q

Midbrain

A

midbrain lol

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13
Q

Hindbrain

A

metencephalon
myelencephalon

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14
Q

When is the neural tube fully closed

A

by 6 weeks; and ventricles are formed

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15
Q

When does the PNS begin a period of rapid growth

A

8 weeks

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16
Q

When are all major components of the brain present

A

by around 34 weeks

brain development does not stop until approximately 25 years

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17
Q

White matter

A

myelinated structures in the CNS that appear white

primarily myelinated axons

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18
Q

Gray matter

A

unmyelinated structures such as neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and some axons

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19
Q

Nuclei

A

collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS

Edinger-Westphal nuclei

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20
Q

Ganglia

A

collections of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

sympathetic chain ganglia

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21
Q

What is the exception to the ganglia/nuclei concept

A

Basal ganglia –> found in the CNS (should be called nuclei)

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22
Q

Rostral

A

towards the nose/beak

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23
Q

Caudal

A

towards the tail; sacrum

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24
Q

Dorsal

A

towards the back

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25
Ventral
towards the front
26
What is the largest part of the brain by weight
cerebrum
27
Cerebrum
contains outer cortex and inner subcortical white and gray matter
28
Subcortical white matter
corpus callosum
29
Subcortical gray matter
basal nuclei
30
Cerebral cortex
the outer gray matter layer of the cerebrum 4 lobes based on geography (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal)
31
Where do subarachnoid bleeds occur
arachnoid trabeculae
32
Which meninge is the strongest
Dura mater (it's durable!)
33
Meninges (in order)
Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater
34
Folds of the dura mater for the
falx cerebri falx cerebelli tentorium cerebelli
35
The basal ganglia are
subcortical nuclei 5 paired nuclei
36
5 paired nuclei
caudate putamen globus pallidus subthalamic substantia nigra
37
Basal ganglia functions
fine tune voluntary movement middleman between cortex and pyramidal system also plays a role in limbic system --> mood, motivation, reward, fight/flight
38
Where is the amygdala found
the end of the caudate nucleus strongly associated with aggression, particularly in association with fight/flight
39
White matter tracts
myelinated axon tracts that connect different gray matter regions 3 types
40
3 types of white matter tracts
projection commissural association
41
Association white matter tract
connect areas in the same hemisphere
42
Commissural white matter tract
connect areas in different hemispheres corpus callosum
43
Projection white matter tract
connect cerebrum to other areas in CNS internal capsule (corona radiata)
44
Thalamus
paired gray matter region with up to 50 isolated nuclei relay station for sensory and motor function
45
Hypothalamus
found anterior-inferiorly to the thalami 11 major nuclei found here main function: homeostasis (body temp, metabolism, alertness, reproduction, sleep)
46
What does the hypothalamus impact many of its functions through
pituitary gland
47
Midbrain location
found inferiorly to the thalamus and hypothalamus
48
Midbrain associated structures
colliculi cerebral peduncles
49
Midbrain functions
eye movement transmit fibers of ascending and descending spinal tracts auditory and visual reflexes
50
Superior colliculus
visual reflexes
51
Inferior colliculus
auditory reflexes
52
Cerebral peduncle
transmits spinal tracts to pons and rest of brainstem
53
Key structures of hindbrain
pons medulla cerebellum
54
Structures of the brain stem
midbrain pons medulla
55
Cerebellum
little brain subconscious fine motor coordination attached to the cerebrum, pons, and medulla via the cerebellar peduncles
56
Pons
middle part of brainstem sleep wake cycle transmits spinal tract axons (afferent and efferent) regulates breathing in conjunction with medulla also affects BP and HR
57
Where does the basilar artery lie
basilar groove
58
Medulla
final part of brainstem (final connection to the spinal cord)
59
Structures of the medulla
pyramids olive decussation
60
Pyramids
contain the corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts (motor)
61
Olive
muscle memory and coordination
62
Decussation
Corticospinal tract decussates here
63
Spinal cord travels from
foramen magnum --> L1/2
64
Key structures of spinal cord
lumbar and cervical enlargement cauda equina spinal nerve roots meningeal layers

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