Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro II Exam 1 > Intro to Neuropathology - Fremont Smith > Flashcards

Intro to Neuropathology - Fremont Smith Flashcards

1
Q

toxic/metabolic causes of neuropath

A

DEENO

drugs, endo, electrolytes, nutrition, organ failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

acute and urgent

A

trauma and vascular issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sub-acute and urgent

A

epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

chronic and urgent

A

hydrocephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pain

A

only meninges have pain fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

crossed effect

A

brainstem lesion

-head and limbs C/L symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

relapse and remission over years

A

multiple sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

loss of mental power

A

dementia - not disease entity

-can happen with any pathology causing brain damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

blood on CT

A

bright white

fibrinolysis - clot isodense with brain at 1 week
hypodense week 2-3

density of clot -used to date and time bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CT scan

A

hypodense - black - air, fat - dark grey - water

hyperdense - white - bone and blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

“blood can be very bad”

A 
blood
cisterns
brain
ventricles
bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

lens shape

A

epidural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

crescent shape

A

subdural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cistern

A

opening of SA space of brain created by separation of arachniod and pia mater

look if blood or if cistern open - on CT scan

4 key cisterns - circummescencephalic, suprasellar, quadrigeminal, sylvian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

brain exam on CT

A

symmetry
grey-white differentiation - early sign of CVA
shift
hyperdensity - lighter / hypodensity - darker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ventricles on CT

A

look for 3rd, 4th, and lateral ventricles - dilation or compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

bone on CT

A

white - hyperdense

-look for fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ring lesion

A

on CT - white around lesion - from neovascularization

19
Q

MRI of brain

A

T1 - like CT scan

T2 - water bright - seem edema, gliosis, and gray matter prominent

20
Q

flair MRI

A

to make CSF dark - for small abnormalities

21
Q

spiral CT

A

with contract - to view blood vessels

22
Q

MRA

A

magnetic resonance angiography

  • gadolinium to enhance contrast
  • method of choice for vessel narrowing, thrombosis, and dissection**
23
Q

CNS myelin

A

oligodendrocytes

24
Q

PSN myelin

A

schwann cells

25
Q

neuropil

A

extracellular space of brain

-axons, dendrites, and collections

26
Q

empty space around neuron

A

can be just artifact

27
Q

nissl substance

A

seen in the cell body of neuron only

-rough ER

28
Q

silver stain

A

shows axons and dendrites

29
Q

axon severed - first change seen

A

nissl to periphery - chromatolysin**

30
Q

neocortex layers

A

MGP GPM

1-molecular
2-external granular
3-external pyramid
4-internal granular
5-internal pyramid
6-multiform
31
Q

cerebral cortex

A

3 parts

  • archicortex - limbic system to cortex
  • paleocortex - to olfactory system
  • neocortex - 90%
32
Q

central chromatolysis

A

if axon severed - nissl granule dissintegrate - neuron body balloons

reversible change that develops during repair of neuron that has been disconnected from target

33
Q

red neuron

A

irreversible - hypoxia, ischemia, hypoglycemia

neuron shrink, become eosinophilic (mito condense), nuclei pyknotic

aka anoxic neuron

34
Q

tau protein

A

in microtubule of axon

35
Q

T lymphocytes

A

can cross BBB

36
Q

astrocytic processes

A

help maintain BBB

10x more astrocytes than neurons

37
Q

GFAP

A

stain for astrocytes

-glial fibrillary acidic protein

38
Q

indicator of chronic CNS injury

A

gliosis - astrocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy

39
Q

microglial cells

A

CNS macrophages

40
Q

death of neuron

A

12-24 hours - as red neuron

41
Q

glia limitans

A

interdigitating astrocytic process on surface of cortex
-around vessels - until become caps

allow inflammation to get into brain parenchyma

42
Q

hepatic encephalopathy

A

get alzheimer type II astrocytes

indicate cerebral edema

increased ammonia - injures brain

43
Q

six causes of dementia

A 
stroke and ischemic encephalopathy
hippocampal sclerosis
head trauma
hydrocephalus
CNS infection
metabolic CNS disorder
demyelinating disease
neurodegenerating disease
neuropsych disorder
severe medical illness or organ failure

Neuro II Exam 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions