Intro to Operations

Question 1

What are examples of inputs?

Answer 1

Labor, Money, Knowledge

Question 2

What are examples of outputs?

Answer 2

Goods & Services

Question 3

Transformation Process: Physical

Answer 3

factory made

Question 4

Transformation Process: Locational

Answer 4

items from one location to the next

Question 5

Transformation Process: Exchange

Answer 5

value through RETAIL (i.e. kroger doesn’t grow the corn or can it but they sell it to consumers)

Question 6

Transformation Process: Physiological

Answer 6

health care (i.e. fitness trainer)

Question 7

Transformation Process: Psychological

Answer 7

Entertainment

Question 8

Transformation Process: Informational

Answer 8

communications (i.e. VT teaching students)

Question 9

Transformation Process: Extraction

Answer 9

Pulling raw material from environment (i.e. mining, logging, etc.)

Question 10

Operations Management

Answer 10

The design, operation, and improvement of productive systems.
—> How do we optimize decisions to reduce costs?

Question 11

What are the four primary areas of a firm?

Answer 11

1. Finance/Accounting
2. Marketing
3. Human Resources
4. Operations

Question 12

Just-in-time production

Answer 12

Produce only what you need when you need it

Question 13

High Degree of Vertical Integration

Answer 13

A business does most of the overall process (not just assembly).

Question 14

Economies of Scale

Answer 14

As the number of units you produce increases, the cost decreases

Question 15

What is the advantages & disadvantages of a flexible manufacturing system?

Answer 15

Advantage: no retooling or retraining, easy to reprogram
Disadvantage: EXPENSIVE

Question 16

Coding wires is an example of what?

Answer 16

Design for maintainability (easier to maintain)

Question 17

CAE

Answer 17

Computer Aided Engineering

Question 18

Craft Production

Answer 18

*consumer goods produced by craftsman

Question 19

The type of production that involves one person making a product from start to finish is:

Answer 19

Craft Production

Question 20

Property rights, stable government, banking institutions, and the free market approach are all characteristics of which time period?

Answer 20

The Industrial Revolution

Question 21

Agrarian Society

Answer 21

Industrialized Society

Question 22

Who invented steam engine power?

Answer 22

James Watt

Question 23

Adam Smith

Answer 23

• Wrote “Wealth of Nations”
• against government regulated markets
• division of labor

Question 24

Division of Labor

Answer 24

Breaking jobs into different tasks and assigning each worker a different task using specialized tools, creating specialized labor. Designed to decrease the time it takes to produce goods & services.

Question 25

Who came up with the idea of interchangeable parts?

Answer 25

Eli Whitney

Question 26

What is the main idea of interchangeable parts?

Answer 26

Standardized parts- more efficient due to the fact that they were all the same and could be used in any gun

Question 27

Principles of Scientific Management

Answer 27

- Frederick Taylor * *Determine best work method and standardize** - FINANCIAL INCENTIVE & REST BREAKS

Question 28

Rate Buster

Answer 28

Picking up the pace- not working at the slow speed most/all other workers do

Question 29

Soldiering

Answer 29

Deliberately slowing the pace of work to convince supervisors you can't go faster

Question 30

Time & Motion Study

Answer 30

-Frank & Lillian Gilbreth **took videos to see what the most efficient way of doing things was** RESULTS: -modern approach to surgery (nurse handing tools) -dividing up tasks=more efficient

Question 31

Who created the assembly line?

Answer 31

Henry Ford

Question 32

When did the Human Relations Movement begin?

Answer 32

1930's

Question 33

Hawthorne Studies

Answer 33

- Elton Mayo * *workers need more than a paycheck for motivation** - part of human relations movement

Question 34

When did operations research occur?

Answer 34

Post WW2-1970's

Question 35

George Dantzig

Answer 35

*Created linear programming

Question 36

When was the decline of manufacturing?

Answer 36

1970's-1980's

Question 37

Traditional Mass Production: Who? Focus on? How? Lacking?

Answer 37

Who: US Focus on: EFFICIENCY & QUANTITY How: highly specialized, operations turned over to technical specialists Lacking: Not using strategies for competition

Question 38

Lean Production: Who? Focus on? How? Lacking?

Answer 38

Who: JAPAN Focus on: QUALITY & FLEXIBILITY How: long term strategic goals, can adapt systems to changing technologies Lacking: N/A

Question 39

Competitive Benchmarking

Answer 39

*take organization that does well at what you want to do and compare your progress to that

Question 40

Reverse Engineering

Answer 40

*tearing apart production to study its parts and design

Question 41

When was the Quality Revolution?

Answer 41

1970's-1990's

Question 42

What are the problems with in-process inventory?

Answer 42

Wasteful/doesn't fix the problem along the line

Question 43

Characteristics of TQM (total quality management)

Answer 43

- JIT inventory | - Eliminate waste

Question 44

Six Sigma

Answer 44

DECREASE variation, INCREASE quality (because you are more in control)