intro to org chem

Question 1

hybridisation

Answer 1

mixing of atomic orbital in an atom to generate a set of hybrid orbitals

Question 2

sp3 hybridsation

Answer 2

one 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals
generates 4sp3 orbitals

tetrahedral shape wrt carbon (BA 109.5°)

Question 3

sp2

Answer 3

one 2s orbital and two 2p orbitals
forms 3sp2 hybrid orbitals

one pi bond - > sideways overlap of unchanged p orbital

trigonal planar wrt to carbon (BA 120°)

Question 4

sp

Answer 4

one 2s orbital and one 2p orbital
forms 2sp hybrid orbitals

2 pi bonds - > double bond
(2p orbitals left unchanged)

linear wrt to carbon (BA 180°)

Question 5

electrophile

Answer 5

electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid)

electron-deficient/attracted to electron-rich region

Question 6

nucleophile

Answer 6

electron pair donor
(Lewis base)

electron-rich/attracted to electron deficient region

Question 7

homolytic fission

Answer 7

breaking of covalent bond such that each fragment gets one of the shared electrons

produces free radicals

Question 8

heterolytic fission

Answer 8

breaking of covalent bond such that the originally shared pair of electrons goes to one fragment - > forms cations and anions

Question 9

conditions for cis-trans isomerism

Answer 9

1. restricted rotation along a C=C bond
2. 2 groups bonded to each C atom in the C=C bond must be different