Intro To Organic Flashcards
(26 cards)
Define saturated
Contains a single carbon-carbon bond only
Define unsaturated
Contains a c=c double bond
Define molecular formula
Formula which shows actual number of each type of atom
Define empirical formula
Shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms to element in a compound
Define general formula
Algebraic formula for a homologous series
Define structural formula
Minimal detail that shows the arrangements of atoms
Define displayed formula
Shows all the covalent bonds present in a molecule
What does homologous series mean
Same functional group and same general formual
What do aldehydes end in when naming
Al
What do ketones end in when naming them
One
What so esters end in when naming them
-yl-oate eg methyleethanoate
How can you spot an aldehyde
Double bond o at the end
Name the 3 steps when naming a carbon chain
Find the longest carbon chain
Find any branched chains and count how many carbons they contain
Add the right prefix
Define structural isomer
Same molecular formula but different structures
Define chain isomer
Same molecular formula but different structures in the carbon skelton
Define positional isomer
Same molecular formula but different structures due to different positions if the same functional group
Define functional group isomers
Same molecular formula but atoms arranged in different functional groups
State two characteristics of a homologous series
Same functional group
Similar chemical properties
State the definition of structual isomer
Same molecular formula but different structures
octane and isoctane can be separated by what process and how does it work
fractional distillation- put into distillation column and highest boiling point condense first. hottest at the bottom. isooctane has a lower boiling point and condenses first
Why is thermal cracking carried out in industry
To make products in high demand
Why is high temps needed for cracking
To break the c-c bond
What is a use of butane
Fuel
What compound can remove sulfur dioxide
Calcium oxide
