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Anatomy Lab > Intro to Osteology and the Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Intro to Osteology and the Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

The marrow cavities and spaces surrounding the trabeculae are filled with adipose-rich…

A

yellow bone marrow

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2
Q

Regions of the axial skeleton and proximal limb bones, spongy bones contain

A

red bone marrow

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3
Q

The main feature of a long bone are the

A

diaphysis (long shaft) and epiphyses (knob-like enlargements

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4
Q

An epiphysis is typically covered where it meets the bone in….

A

articular cartilage

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5
Q

comprised of growing cartilage until adulthood, at which time the cartilage is replaced by bone

A

epiphyseal plate

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6
Q

represents the location of bone that has overtaken the epiphyseal plate, can be seen in x-ray

A

epiphyseal line

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7
Q

a rounded enlargement at the end of a bone

A

head

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8
Q

a round knob-like region that articulates with another bone; covered in cartilage

A

condyle

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9
Q

an enlargement of a bone near a condyle

A

epicondyle

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10
Q

a bony projection from the surface

A

process

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11
Q

a bump or elevation

A

tubercle

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12
Q

a slightly larger, broader version of a tubercle

A

tuberosity

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13
Q

a huge tubercle, reserved for those on the femur

A

trochanter

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14
Q

a hole or opening

A

foramen

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15
Q

an opening or canal

A

meatus

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16
Q

an elongated hole or irregular opening

A

fissure

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17
Q

a shallow depression

A

fossa

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18
Q

formed when two bones grow together; entirely immovable joint; ex. the sacrum or fusion of three bones on one side of the pelvis

A

osseous joints

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19
Q

minimal, insignificant movement; held together by fibrous connective tissue; ex. sacroiliac joint

A

fibrous joints

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20
Q

Have some degree of flexibility; ex. joint formed between vertebrae and the intervertebral disc

A

cartilaginous joint

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21
Q

highly mobile joints that consist of several parts; connected by synovial membrane

A

synovial joints

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22
Q

fibrocartilage pads whose shapes help to stabilize joints

A

articular discs

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23
Q

Simplest synovial joints; two planes of motion; carpal and tarsal bones that make up the proximal part of the hand and foot

A

Plane joint

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24
Q

Allows rotations around a central axis (1 plane of motion); two vertebrae of the neck which allow the turning of the head

A

pivot joint

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25
Q

Responsible for the bending of your elbows and knees; p=occurs within a single plane of motion

A

Hinge joint

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26
Q

Two concave surfaces are opposed in these joints; 2 planes of motion; ex. joint found in ankle

A

saddle joint

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27
Q

Involves one oblong convex surface and one concave surface; cannot rotate along a central axis and two planes of motion; ex. the wrist

A

condyloid joint

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28
Q

Highest degree of motion; movement possible in all planes (3) and rotation; ex. hip and shoulder

A

ball and socket joint

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29
Q

Vertebral columns that are concave from a posterior perspective

A

cervical and lumbar

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30
Q

vertebral columns that are convex from a posterior perspective

A

thoracic and sacral

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31
Q

the weight-bearing region of the vertebra; become more substantial in the lower regions of the vertebral column

A

body of the vertebra

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32
Q

where the spinal cord passes through the vertebra

A

vertebral foramen

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33
Q

sites of muscle attachment

A

spinous and transverse processes of the vertebrae

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34
Q

form joints with those of adjacent vertebrae; responsible for restricting movement of the vertebral column

A

superior and inferior articular processes

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35
Q

a stout connection between the body and the rest of the vertebra

A

pedicle

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36
Q

above and below the pedicle, notches allow for the passage of spinal nerves

A

intervertebral foramina

37
Q

a flat region that connects the spinous process to rest of vertebra

A

lamina

38
Q

opening in the cervical vertebrae that provides passage for the vertebral artery

A

transverse foramen

39
Q

Often called vertebra prominens because of its long spinous process that can be easily palpated in most people

A

C7

40
Q

The first cervical vertebrae; has no vertebral body and serves to articulate with the skull

A

atlas (C1)

41
Q

has a projection called the dens that fits into the sizable vertebral foramen of C1

A

the axis (C2)

42
Q

Small indentations on the thoracic vertebrae tat mark the articulations with the ribs

A

superior and inferior costal facets

43
Q

indicates where the transverse processes form a joint with the rib

A

transverse costal facets

44
Q

formed of fused spinous processes in the sacrum

A

median sacral crest

45
Q

articulates with the inferior articular processes of L5

A

superior articular process

46
Q

The dorsal rami of spinal nerves leave the sacral canal through 4 pairs of…

A

posterior sacral foramina

47
Q

The ventral rami of spinal nerves leave the sacral canal through 4 pairs of….

A

anterior sacral foramina

48
Q

The lateral margins of the sacrum formed from fused transverse processes; the wings

A

Alae

49
Q

The continuation of the vertebral canal; houses the spinal nerve root of the cauda equina

A

sacral canal

50
Q

formed by the fusion of 3-4 coccygeal vertebrae

A

coccyx

51
Q

The superior margin of the sternum

A

Manubrium

52
Q

The medial margin of the sternum

A

body of the sternum

53
Q

The inferior margin of the sternum

A

xiphoid process

54
Q

The line of fusion between the manubrium and body

A

sternal angle

55
Q

Articulates with the costal facet of a thoracic vertebral body

A

head of the ribs

56
Q

the head of the ribs tapers to a….

A

neck

57
Q

articulates with the costal facet of a thoracic vertebra’s transverse process

A

tubercle of the ribs

58
Q

Where the ribs terminate; spans the gap between the sternum

A

costal cartilages

59
Q

Ribs 1-7 articulate directly (via costal cartilage) with the sternum

A

true ribs

60
Q

ribs 8-12 that do not directly attach to the sternum

A

False ribs

61
Q

Ribs 11 & 12

A

floating ribs that do not connect to the sternum at all

62
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A

the first cervical vertebrae (C1), the atlas, forms a condyloid joint with the occipital bone of the skull; nodding motion

63
Q

The two broad gliding surfaces between the atlas and axis are formed by the articular processes

A

atlanto-axial joint

64
Q

Two types of intervertebral joints

A

cartilaginous intervertebral joint is formed by the intervertebral disc and two adjacent vertebrae; functions as a shock absorber
synovial intervertebral joints formed with superior and inferior articular processes of vertebra; gliding motions

65
Q

Formed between the heads of ribs and the bodies of the vertebrae

A

costovertebral joints

66
Q

formed when the transverse costal facet meets the tubercle of the rib; plane joint

A

costotransverse joint

67
Q

Sternum meets the appendicular skeleton at the clavicle; saddle joint

A

sternoclavicular joint

68
Q

the alae of the sacrum form sturdy; immovable fibrous joints with the ilia of the pelvis

A

sacroiliac joint

69
Q

this suture is found at the shared boundary between the temporal bone and the parietal bone

A

squamous suture

70
Q

this suture is formed where the occipital bone meets the parietal bones

A

lambdoid suture

71
Q

Suture located at the boundary between the two parietal bones

A

sagittal suture

72
Q

suture at the boundary between the frontal bone and the parietal bones

A

coronal suture

73
Q

Separates the two nasal cavities; formed from a portion of the ethmoid bone, the vomer, and part of the nasal cartilages

A

Nasal septum

74
Q

Forms the posterior limit of the boney structure surrounding the nasal cavity

A

pterygoid process

75
Q

Surrounding and connected to the nasal cavities; lighten the weight of the skull and may affect the quality of our voices

A

paranasal sinuses

76
Q

Lateral walls of the nasal cavity; bony spirals that project into nasal cavities

A

nasal conchae

77
Q

CN V passes through these openings in skull

A

supraorbital foramen, infraorbital foramen, mental foramen

78
Q

CN 2 passes through this openingin skull

A

optic canal

79
Q

CN 3, 4, and 6 pass through this opening in skull

A

superior orbital fissure

80
Q

a lever arm for the attachment of the large temporalis muscle

A

coronoid process

81
Q

an opening that forms the innermost part of the external ear canal

A

external acoustic meatus

82
Q

the site of muscle attachment

A

mastoid and styloid process

83
Q

articulate with te first cervical vertebrae (atlas)

A

occipital condyles

84
Q

the vertical element of the mandible

A

ramus of mandible

85
Q

a bridge over the temporalis muscle, formed from zygomatic and temporal bone

A

zygomatic arch

86
Q

part of the ethmoid bone that allows passage of CN1 from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb

A

cribriform plate

87
Q

the part of the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland

A

sella turcica

88
Q

the spinal cord exits the skull here; found within the occipital bone

A

foramen magnum

Anatomy Lab (8 decks)

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