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INTRO TO PARASITOLOGY Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

NORMAL TEMP, HR AND RR FOR AN ADULT HORSE

A

T=99101.2F

P= 24-44

8-15

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2
Q

NORMAL TEMP, HR AND RR FOR A FOAL

A

T=99-102

HR=50-70

RR=20-40

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3
Q

NORMAL TEMP, HR AND RR FOR A SHEEP

A

T=101.5-103.5

P=70-110

RR=12-72

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4
Q

NORMAL TEMP, HR AND RR FOR A LAMB

A

T=102.5-104F

HR=120-160

RR=30-70

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5
Q

NORMAL TEMP, HR AND RR FOR A GOAT

A

T=101.5

HR=70-110

RR=15-40

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6
Q

NORMAL TEMP, HR AND RR FOR A KID

A

T=102-104

HR=120-160

RR40-65

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7
Q

NORMAL TEMP, HR AND RR FOR A COW

A

T=100.5-102.5F

HR=40-80

RR12-36

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8
Q

NORMAL TEMP, HR AND RR FOR A CALF

A

T=101.5-103

HR=100-140

RR=30-60

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9
Q

NORMAL TEMP, HR AND RR FOR A PIG

A

T=101-103

HR=60-80

RR=20-30

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10
Q

IMMUNITY THAT SETS IN DUE TO CHRONIC INFECTION

A

PREMUNITION

KNOWN AS INFECTION IMMUNITY

USUALLY DUE TO SUBCLINICAL INFECTION

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11
Q

POPULATION OF WORMS NT SELECTED FOR DRUG TX

A

refugia

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12
Q

Arrested worm development

A

hypobiosis and overwintering

eg ostertagia

parasites decides not to hatch

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13
Q

a pasture which is better than contaminated but not on the same level as safe pasture

A

clean pasture

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14
Q

a pasture that is good for struggling animals which u dnt want to come into contact with parasites

A

safe pasture

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15
Q

escribe how parasites survive

A
  • Survival from one season toanother
  • Adult in host
  • Arrested larvae in host
  • As free living stages in the environment (Ascarid and Trichuris spp. Have tough eggs)
  • Within intermediate hosts

– Only
a
few
needed
to
survive
to
start
it
up
again
200EPG
x
2kg
x
7
defoca)ons
/
day
=
2.8
mil/EPD

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16
Q

which worms have tough eggs and can survive as free living in the env.

A
  • ascarid
  • trichuris
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17
Q

the worms that u dnt find in cold places

A

hemonchus

only in hot places

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18
Q

this worm has l3 in egg

A

trichostrongylus

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19
Q

MAIN WORMS IN SMALL RUMINANTS

A

HEMONCUS

TRICHOSTRONGYI

COOPERIA CURTICEI

OSOPHAGOSTUMUM

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20
Q

OTHER IMPORTANT GI PARASISITES FOR SR

A

Nematodirus
– Trichuris
– Bunostumum
– Strongyloides
Papilosm
.

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21
Q

DESCRIBE THE LFECYCLE OF HEMONCHUS N WHERE IT IS FOUND IN THE GI

A

Abomasum or
small intes)ne
• Hemonchous contortous
• Hatch on pasture within 5 days

in hot months
• Climb vegeta)on
• Exsheath and lay eggs in 14days
• High fecundity = contamina)on =dirty pasture
• H.contortus and Teladorsagia can undergohypob osis
• Economically important
• Extract 1/10th of blood volume per day

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22
Q

PARASITES WHICH CAN UNDERGO HYPERBIOSIS

A

HEMONCUS AND TELADORSAGIA

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23
Q

THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD EXTRACTED BY HEMONCHUS PER DAY

A

Extract 1/10th of blood
volume
per
day

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24
Q

HOW LONG DOES HEMONCHUS N TRICHOSTRONGYLUS CONTAMINATE THE PASTURE IN HOT MNTHS

A

9 MNTH

PREG. PERIOD LOL

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25
WHICH PARASITES HAV L3
TRICHOSTRONGYI NEMATODIRUS
26
THIS PARASITES HAVE A CYCLE OF 21 DAYS
OSTERTAGIA AND TRICHOSTRONGYLUS
27
2 PARASITES PREFER COOL CLIMATES
TELADORSARGIA TRICHOSTRONGYLUS
28
WHICH PARASITE MAY BE TRANSMITED IN MILK
STRONGYLOIDES
29
CS OF PARASITE INFECTION
ANEMIA HYPOPROTEINEMIA ANOREXIA EOSINOPHILIA DECREASED APPETITE LETHARGY POOR PRODUCTION WOOL BREAK DIARRHOEA COLLAPSE
30
WHAT % OF HERD IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAJORITY OF PASTURE CONTAMINATION
20-30%
31
--- % OF GOATS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR LESS THAN 1000 EPG
66%
32
--- % OF GOATS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR MORE THAN 1000 EPG
33% ITS 1000 TO 20 000
33
ADVANTAGES OF FEC AND FAMACHA ON HEMONCHUS
* FEC CORRELATES WELL WITH SEASONAL AND GEOGRAPHIC PREVALENCE * FEC AND FAMACHA CHART CORRELATE WELL WITH THIS CHART
34
HOW MUCH H. CONCORTUS IS SIGNIFICANT
MORE THAN 3000 EPG RARELY SEE CS BEFORE \> 5000 EPG
35
WITH THIS PARASITES U CAN SEE CS AS LOW AS 300 EPG
AS LOW AS 300TELADORSAGIA
36
HOW KMUCH EPG DOES TRICHOSTRONGYI BECOME SIGN.
\>2000 EPG
37
IN WHICH PARASITE IS FEC RELIABLE
HEMONCHUS NT TRICHOSTRONGYI OR TELADORAGIA
38
WHEN CAN U SAY FEC REDUCTION TEST IS SUCCESSFUL
IF \> 905 REDUCTION IS DONE
39
BEST IMES TO DEWORM IN SR
* TX IN THE PARIPARTUENT PERIOD * 2 WKS PRE TO 8 WKS POST * NUTRIENT PARTITINING-mother will donate 4-8 mg/kg/min of dextrose to neonate in utero * PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT 6 WKS PRIOR * TX IN WEANING PERIOD * STRESS * PRECONDITIONING
40
STRATEGIC TIMES OF THE YEAR FOR DEWORMING
* WHEN OVERWINTERING AND FEW PARASITES * WHEN OVERSUMMERING AND FEW PARASITES * WHEN AT THE PEAK OF SEASON * when u have lots of parasites and u will be trying to reduce pasture contamination * N.B IT ALL DEPENDS ON THE SPECIFIC PARASITE YOU ARE DEALING WITH, GEOGRAPHIC AND SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION *
41
THIS DRUG SHOULD NOT BE GIVEN TO GOATS FOR FIRST 3 WEEKS OF PREG.
ALBENDAZOLE
42
BEST WAY TO INCREASE EFFICACY OF BZDOLES
* HOLD OFF FEED FOR BETTER EFFICACY * MULTIPLE DOSE TO INCREASE EFFICACY
43
WHICH WORMS ARE KILLED BY BZDOLES
THE SPECTRUM INCLUDES MONEZIA AND GIARDIA
44
LIST THE MEMBRANE DEPOLIRISER ANTIHELMINTICS
* IMIDAZOTHAZOLES (LEVAMISOLE) * TETRAHYDROPYRAMIDINES
45
CHARACTERISTICS OF IMIDAZOTHALES (LEVAMIZOLE)
* IT IS A MEMBRANE DEPOLIRISING DRUG * safe in preg. animals except goats in last 3 weeks * nt for debilitated animals
46
chacteristics of tetrahydropyramidines
* memebrane depolirisers * broad spec. * very safe in preg. animals * less resistance developed
47
parasites killed by ivermectins
* nematodes and arthropods * hypobiotic larva * oral for sheep and goats * pour on poor for sr * long half lyf --persistent activity
48
disadvantages of ivermectin
* pour on bioavailability is poor for sr * kills dung beetle
49
ad n dis of FEC
MORE ACCURATE BUT TIME CONSUMING
50
WHAT IS FUGANDITY
DO U HAVE INCREASE IN EGG COUNT OR NOT
51
CS OF PARASITE INFECTION IN CATTLE
* YOUNG ANIMALS--ILL THRIFT TO SERIOUS DZ AND DEATH * APPETITE SUPPESSION * DIARRHOEA * HYPOPROTEINEMIA (APPETITE N PROTEIN LOSS INTO GI)
52
MAIN PARASITES WHICH AFFECT CATTLE
**OSTERTAGIA** (obomasum) -most common in cattle **COOPERIA**--very sensitive to developing resistance hemonchus placei trichostrongyi oesophagostomum nematodirus
53
which stage of larva is infective
L3
54
WHEN DO LARVA BECOME SEXUALLY MATURE
2-4 WKS OF INGESTION OF L3
55
IN WHICH STAGE DOES LARVAE GET ARRESTED
L4
56
which parasite develops an infective l3 within the egg before it hatches
nematodirus
57
which parasite develops infective l1 within the egg which only hatches post ingestion
trichuris
58
how long does truchuris take to develop sexually mature adults
8 wks has longer cycle
59
which climates have worms yr round
subtropical
60
this parasites contaminate the pasture for 12 mnths post egg deposition
* cooperia and nematodirus * insignificant after 24 mnths
61
for how long does ostartagia contaminate and infect the pasture
* 14 mnths( nt as sign. amounts) * it is big in cattle * also caleed telosagia
62
discuss the characteristics of worms in warmer climates
* peak pasture populations in late spring to early summer * l4 over summer * resume dev in fall
63
discuss characteristics of worms in northern temperate climates
peak pasture populations in summer and early fall l4 overwinter resume development in spring
64
where do u find ostertagia ostertagi
* larva develop in the lumen of the gastric glands of obomasum
65
lesions of o. ostertagi
* hyperplasia and intense eosinophilia infiltration * infection in calves elevated peripheral eosinophilia and dec. lymphocytes ounts * moroccan leather
66
discuss pathophysiology of o. ostertagi in forming moroccan leather
* mucosal gland cells lose differentiation--dnt fxn well * cell junctions weakens--becomes leaky * albumen lost into lumen * parietal cells becomes dysfundtional * alkalinity stimulates overproduction of gastrin * pH\>5: pepsinogen nt converted, pepsinogen accumulates and gets into blood via permable cell junction
67
discuss type 1 ostertagisis
found in less than 18 mnths cattle young animals that you release for the first time to graze and end up getting loads of the parasite
68
discuss type 2 ostertagi
found in 2-4 yrs cattle following second grazing season really cs dispite continued ingestion of infective larvae prevention n therapy focused on directed at the yun grazing stock after 3 yrs they start to get it less
69
cs of type ostergiasis
rapid acquisition of large # of larvae complete lyf cycle in 3 wks appetite suppression found in temperate areas= fall
70
cs of o.ostertagi
* arrested larvae and active adults together * hypobiosis releasesd larvae develop after first grazing period * intermittent profuse watery dxa, thirst,anorexia, ill thrift n hypoproteinemia * fever, anemia n bottle jaw * temperate regions cx in late spring
71
ich worm produces cs similiar to ostertagi
trichostrongylus axei produces local n systemic changes similiar to ostertagi
72
which parasite induces tissue changes and reduce feed intake
cooperia easy to get resistnace
73
this parasite induce tissue structural n functional abnormalities
oesophagostomum radiatum cause anemia, hypotortinemia dxa, anorexia, wt loss

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