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wengers stuff Flashcards

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1
Q

immediate effect of residues in food stuffs

A
  • anaphylactic reactions
  • allergies
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2
Q

delayed effects of residures in food stuffs

A
  • drug resistance prograqmms
    • therapy failure
    • economics
    • impact on the immune response
      *
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3
Q

the interval between the time of the last admin. of a registered compound and the time when the animal products can be safelty consumed

A

withdrawal times

concent. of the drug are below the mac. residue limit (MRL)

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4
Q

define MRL

A

the maxi. concentration of a residue resulting from the registered use of an agric. or vet chemical that is recommended to be legally permitted or recognised as acceptable for use in animals.

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5
Q

explain what happens to the withdrawal time when you lower the mrl

A

the withdral time increases

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6
Q

what do we use to derive a MRL

A

acceptable daily intake(ADI)

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7
Q

write down the formula for ADI

A

ADI= NOAEL (mg/kg) * 65 kg b.w.
UF/SF (10 x 10)

  • uf or sf;uncertanity factor extrapolated from laboratory animals to humans (10) * variability within the human population(10)
    • UF> 11 in all cases were results of toxicity studies give rise to concern
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8
Q

list the drugs prohibited for extra label use in animals

A
  • chloramphenicol
  • clenbuterol
  • diethylstibestrol (DES)
  • dimetridazole
  • ipronidazole
  • other nitroimidazoles
  • fluoroquinolones
  • furazolidone
  • nitrofurazone
  • glycopeptides
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9
Q

which sulfonamides can be used in cattle

A
  • sulfadimethoxine
  • sulfabromomethazine
    • sulfaethoxypyridazine
      *
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10
Q

which rug should not be used in female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older

A

phenylbutazone

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11
Q

which drugs are prohibited for use in chickens and turkeys

A

adamantanes

neuraminidase

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12
Q

this drug causes cardiotoxicity on accidental injection

A

tilmicosin

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13
Q

this drugs can pass bacteria resistance to immune compromised humans

A

carbapenes and glycopeptides

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14
Q

this drug can cause aplastic anemia in humans

A

chloramphenicol

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15
Q

this drugs should not be used by preg. human

A

prostaglandins

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16
Q

good veterinary practice

A
  1. keep med. records for atleast 12 months following marketing of marketing of any medicated livestock
  2. Maintain medication and production records
  3. Properly store, label and account for all drugs and
    medicated feed
  4. Valid Veterinarian Client Patient Relationship
  5. Administering medications - residue testing when
    appropriate
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17
Q

Antimicrobial stewardship seeks to:

A
  1. Achieve optimal clinical outcomes, related to
    antimicrobial use
  2. Minimise toxicity and other adverse events
  3. Reduce the costs of health care for infections, and
  4. Limit the selection for antimicrobial resistant
    strains
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18
Q

———————decreases chemotaxis at sub mic conc.

A

tetracycline

this means that if u dnt give enough drug, it is going to decrease chemotaxis an this will result in macrophages nt recognising microbes n no phagocytosis

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19
Q

chemotaxis seen with e.coli grown with this two abx

A

ceftazidine

ampicillin

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20
Q

these 3 drugs depress chemotaxis

A
  1. gentamicin
  2. erythromycin
  3. minocycline
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21
Q

which abx binds to divalent cations

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. tetracycline
  2. bacitracin
  • they result in inhibition of phagocytosis
22
Q

these two abx interferes with h202

Study These Flashcards
A

sulfonamides

trimethroprim

it decreases killing

23
Q

quarum sensing determines…………..

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. virulence
  2. formation of biofilms
  3. survival
  • cell density is related
  • produced at different stages of cell growth
24
Q

explain what happens between mutant prevention conc. (MPC) and minimal inhibitory conc (MIC)

Study These Flashcards
A

u are going to kill the bacteria but there are those which will survive by mutating (selection and mutation)

25
what happens when u give the abx belowmic
the abx is sub mic and will not kill the bacteria.instead it may trigger resisstance. there will be no mutation since the bacteria will nt hav the need for survival
26
what is the area between mpc and mic
mutant selection window
27
this drug is a time dependent killer on klebsiella
ceftazidine
28
this drug is a conc. dependent killer for strpto.
flouraquinolones=temafloxacin it doesnt matter how long it has been in contact with the bacteria
29
drugs which are conc. dependent killers
1. fluoroquinolones 2. aminoglycosides 3. nitrominazoles 4. polymixins
30
time dependent killing abx
* either or not post abx effect 1. penicillins 2. cephalosporins 3. macrolides and triamilides 4. lincosamides 5. phenicols 6. sulfonamides 7. deiaminopyrimidines
31
core exposure drugs that kill by time dependence and conce. dependence
1. tetracyclines 2. ketolites 3. glycopeptides
32
this type of graph predicts the efficacy of conc. dependent abx
AUC24/MIC Cmax/MIC
33
ONLY GRAPH THAT LOOKS AT POST ABX EFFECT
T\> MIC
34
IN WHICH BACTERIADOES AMPICILLIN NT HAV A POST ABX EFFECT ON
E.COLI
35
WITH WHIC BACTERIA DOES AMPICILLIN HAV POST ABX EFFECT
STAPH the abx even if the conc is below is mic, the bacteria con doesnt go up which means the abx has a post abx effect
36
THIS ABX HAVE A volume of distribution
1. Aminoglycosides 2. Aminocyclitols 3. Sulfadimethoxine 4. Penicillins they stay in blood stream. they hav hard time getting into tissues and cells. bt when there is inflammmation, bv becomes leaky and the abx will reach the tissue
37
ABX WITH A MEDIUM volume of distribution
* easily gets into tissues bt nt cells 1. Cephalosporins 2. Sulfadiazine
38
ABX WITH A HIGH volume of distribution
gets into tissues and cells 1. Potentiated sulphonamides 2. Fluoroquinolones 3. Macrolides 4. Tetracyclines
39
abx with an acidic dissociative constant
penicillins cephalosporins sulfonamides
40
abx with basic dissociation constants
aminoglycosides macrolides chloramphinicol florfenicol trimethroprim
41
amphoteric abx
flouroquinolones tetracyclines
42
u should nt use in anerobic conditions
aminoglycosides Aminocyclitols Fluoroquinolones Sulfonamides
43
drugs u should nt use in aerobic envir.
nitromidazoles
44
drugs u shouldnt use in pus and debris
sulphonamides aminoglycosides
45
drugs u shouldnt use with cations
fluoroquinolones tetracyclines
46
drugs of choice in previledged sides like bbb
Fluoroquinolones Macrolides Chloramfenicol Florfenicol NOTICE THAT THIS DRUGS ALSO HAVE HIGH VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION EG. FLOUROQUINOLONES, MACROLIDES AND TETRAC.
47
DEFINE WILD TYPE BREAKPOINTS
THE MIC FOR ANY GIVEN ANTIBACTERIAL THAT DISTINGUISHES WILD TYPE POPULATIONS OF BACTERIA FROM THOSE WITH ACQUIRED OR SELECTED RESISTANCE MECHANISMS
48
DEFINE CLINICAL BREAKPOINTS
THOSE CONC. (MIC) THAT SEPARATES STRAINS WHERE THERE IS A HIGHER LIKELIHOOD OF TX SUCCESS FROM STRAINS WHERE THERE IS A HIGH LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE
49
CLSI BREAKPOINTS SPECIFICALLY DERIVED FOR BOVINE RESP. D
CELTIVOR * TILMICOSIN * FLORFENICOL * ENROFLAXACIN * SPECTINOMYCIN *
50
CLSI BREAKPOINTS SPECIFICALLY DERIVED FOR SWINE RESPIRATORY DZ
* **CEFTIOFUR** * **TILMICOSIN** * **TIAMUCIN**
51
CLSI BREAKPOINTS SPECIFICALLY DERIVED FOR BOVINE MASTITIS
* PIRLIMYCIN * PENICILIN/NOVOBIOCIN * CELTIVOR
52

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