Intro to Pathobiology

Question 1

Define disease

Answer 1

any state in which the health of the human organism is impaired. Consequence of a failure of homeostasis

Question 2

Define homeostasis

Answer 2

maintenance of a constant internal environment despite external changes. Has set limits

Question 3

Define pathogenesis

Answer 3

the origin of a disease. ‘biological mechanisms causing clinically evident diseases’

Question 4

What is a risk factor?

Answer 4

variable exposure or characteristic which makes a disease more likely

Question 5

Define aetiology

Answer 5

the specific cause of a disease

Question 6

Define predisposition

Answer 6

a susceptibiliy/tendency to develop a disease, which depends on other risk factor to become clinically evident

Question 7

Causes of disease: Intrinsic Factors…

Answer 7

• structural
• cellular
• genetic
• metabolic

Question 8

Causes of disease: Extrinsic Factors…

Answer 8

• nutritionl
• biological
• chemical
• physical

Question 9

How much do genetic and external factors contribute to a disease?

Answer 9

the contribution of genetic and external factors differentiation between each disease

Question 10

Example of a genetic disease

Answer 10

sickle cell anaemia

Question 11

Example of a cellular disease

Answer 11

Alzheimer’s

Question 12

Example of a metabolic disease

Answer 12

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 13

Example of a nutritional disease

Answer 13

malnutrition

Question 14

Example of a structural disease

Answer 14

spini bifida (congenital) or osteoarthritis (acquired)

Question 15

Example of a physical disease

Answer 15

Agent: trauma, radiation, temperature. Example: bone fracture, cancer, burns/frostbite (respectively)

Question 16

Example of a chemical disease

Answer 16

Agent: toxic substance, inflammatory agents. Example: tobacco lung damage, asthma (respectively)

Question 17

Example of a biological disease

Answer 17

Agents: bacteria, virus, fungi. Example: food poisoning, AIDS, athlete’s foot. (respectively)