Intro to Pharmacology

Question 1

Substance that causes a change in biological function

Answer 1

Drug

Question 2

Pro-drug

Answer 2

Drug that is converted to its active form by biological processes in the body

Question 3

Study of appropriate use of medications to treat

Answer 3

Pharmacotherapeutics

Question 4

Study of genetic impact on drug metabolic processes that affect individual response

Answer 4

Pharmacogenomics

Question 5

Methods to evaluate/compare value between therapies

Answer 5

Pharmacoeconomics

Question 6

Study uses and effects of medications on large populations

Answer 6

Pharmacoepidemiology

Question 7

Drugs that have the same action/class have what in common?

Answer 7

SUFFIX

Question 8

Approximately how long does it take for a drug to develop in the US?

Answer 8

20 years

Question 9

Describe the overall general pathway once a drug is administered?

Answer 9

• Drug is distributed equally into circulation/tissues
• • Drug either metabolized and excreted OR concentrated at site of action
• If at site: - - Effect OR Toxic

Question 10

Pharmacokinetics deals with?

Answer 10

Time

Question 11

Pharmacodynamics deals with?

Answer 11

Effect

Question 12

What are the 2 major reasons for drug therapy failure?

Answer 12

Medication errors

Patient compliance

Question 13

What is the Therapeutic Window?

Answer 13

Ratio between the Minimum Effective Concentration and the Minimum Toxic Concentration

Question 14

When the Minimum Effective Concentration is reached, what occurs?

Answer 14

Effects! (Duration of the intended action)

Question 15

ex. of drugs with small therapeutic windows (BAD)?

Answer 15

Warfarin, lithium, digoxin

Question 16

IV

Answer 16

Intravenous

- MOST RAPID ONSET

Question 17

IM

Answer 17

Intramuscular

- Can do large volumes but painful

Question 18

SC

Answer 18

Subcutaneous

- Smaller volumes but painful

Question 19

PO

Answer 19

Oral

- Most convenient and includes 1st pass effect

Question 20

PR

Answer 20

Rectal

- Less 1st pass effect

Question 21

Inhalation has a ____ onset

Answer 21

Rapid

Question 22

Transdermal has a ____ absorption and _____ duration of action

Answer 22

SLOW absorption

PROLONGED duration of action

Question 23

What is necessary to convert Acetomenophin out of its toxic form for it to be excreted?

Answer 23

Glutathione

Question 24

ex. of Non-deleterious effects

Answer 24

Hair loss, itching, hair growth

Question 25

Deleterious effects are ____

Answer 25

TOXIC

Question 26

SAME ingredients, dose, form, route etc.

Answer 26

Pharmaceutical Equivalance

Question 27

Same drug but DIFFERENT complexes/salts/doses/forms

Answer 27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives

Question 28

To be therapeutically equivalent, drugs must be?

Answer 28

Pharmaceutically equivalent with same effect and safety profile

Question 29

Similar rate and extent of absorption with 80%-125% of reference product

Answer 29

Bioequivalence

Question 30

Drugs that require a Rx are scheduled when?

Answer 30

There is potential for abuse

Question 31

As you go from Schedule 1-5, what occurs?

Answer 31

Decreased risk for abuse

Question 32

3 Pregnancy risk categories?

Answer 32

1. Pregnancy (labor and delivery) 2. Lactation (nursing moms) 3. Female and Male reproductive potential

Question 33

q.d.

Answer 33

Daily

Question 34

Daily

Answer 34

q.d.

Question 35

b.i.d.

Answer 35

twice daily

Question 36

twice daily

Answer 36

b.i.d.

Question 37

t.i.d.

Answer 37

three times daily

Question 38

three times daily

Answer 38

t.i.d.

Question 39

q.i.d.

Answer 39

four times daily

Question 40

four times daily

Answer 40

q.i.d.

Question 41

q.o.d.

Answer 41

every other day

Question 42

every other day

Answer 42

q.o.d.

Question 43

q."#".h.

Answer 43

every # of hours

Question 44

every 12 hours

Answer 44

q12h

Question 45

q.a.m.

Answer 45

every morning

Question 46

every morning

Answer 46

q.a.m.

Question 47

q.p.m.

Answer 47

every evening

Question 48

every evening

Answer 48

q.p.m.

Question 49

q.h.s.

Answer 49

every night at bed time

Question 50

every night at bed time

Answer 50

q.h.s.

Question 51

p.r.n.

Answer 51

as needed

Question 52

as needed

Answer 52

p.r.n

Question 53

a.c.

Answer 53

before meals

Question 54

before meals

Answer 54

a.c.

Question 55

p.c.

Answer 55

after meals

Question 56

after meals

Answer 56

p.c.

Question 57

p.o.

Answer 57

by mouth

Question 58

by mouth

Answer 58

p.o.

Question 59

s.l.

Answer 59

under the tongue

Question 60

under the tongue

Answer 60

s.l.

Question 61

NGT and OGT

Answer 61

Naso-Gastric Tube | Oro-Gastric Tube

Question 62

What is the dosage formula?

Answer 62

Docs order/supply on hand X Quantity(form)