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Intro To Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Medications in the same category usually have many of the same-

A

Adverse drug reactions, contraindications / precautions, and administration considerations

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2
Q

What is the difference between Generic and Brand name medications?

A

Generic medications are usually less expensive than brand name meds

Generic meds have the same chemical composition + effects as brand name meds

Generic meds may have several brand names

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3
Q

Can a brand name medication have several generic names?

A

No

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4
Q

What can you expect from any and all prescription medications?

A

They are potentially harmful if there is no supervision of administration by a licensed health provider

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5
Q

Who can supervise the administration of a prescription drug?

A

A physician, nurse practitioner, or physician’s assistant

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6
Q

Medications to treat infections are an example of generic or prescription meds?

A

Prescription

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7
Q

Diuretic medications are an example of generic or prescription meds?

A

Prescription meds

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8
Q

Anti-hypertensives are an example of generic or prescription meds?

A

Prescription

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9
Q

What are Analgesics?

A

Pain meds

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10
Q

Analgesics are non-prescription meds, except for the-

A

Narcotic Analgesics

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11
Q

Diuretics promote -

A

Urination

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12
Q

What are the brand names for Acetaminophen?

A

Tylenol
Ibuprofen
Advil
Diphenhydramine
Benadryl
Loratadine
Claritin
Cimetidine
Tagamet

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13
Q

Meds that a client takes through the mouth but inhales into the lungs, are usually in what form?

A

Powder Form

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14
Q

Enteric-Coated meds are sometimes abbreviated as-

A

EC meds

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15
Q

When are Enteric Coated meds dissolved by the body?

A

Whenever they reach the intestines

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16
Q

Extended Release meds are sometimes abbreviated as-

A

ER meds

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17
Q

Extended Length meds, Sustained Release meds, and Sustained Action meds are all other terms for-

A

Extended Release meds

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18
Q

Extended Length meds are sometimes abbreviated as-

A

XL meds

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19
Q

Sustained Release meds are sometimes abbreviated as-

A

SR or XR meds

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20
Q

Sustained Action meds are sometimes abbreviated as-

A

SA meds

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21
Q

What do ODT meds do?

A

ODT (Oral Disintegrating Tablets) dissolve in your mouth

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22
Q

How can you tell if a tablet can be split?

A

If it’s scored or marked with a line in the center, it can be split

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23
Q

Extended Release / Sustained Release meds should never be taken in what way?

A

Crushed

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24
Q

What are the ways that you can administer a Parenteral med?

A

Intravenously, Subcutaneously, Intramuscularly

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25
The absorption of IV meds is-
Immediate and Complete
26
The onset of action for IV meds is-
Immediate
27
The absorption of subcutaneous and intramuscular medications is-
Variable
28
What can affect the absorption of SUBQ and IM meds?
The water-solubility of the drug + Whether or not the pt has good circulatory blood flow and tissue perfusion
29
The absorption of a poorly water-soluble med that’s given via SUBQ or IM will be rapid or slow?
Slow
30
Parenteral meds typically come in either a liquid form or a dry form that needs liquid added. This is called -
Reconstitution
31
Topical / Transdermal meds are meds that you apply to a pt’s -
Skin, eyes, ears, nose, rectum, vagina, or lungs
32
Topical meds deliver a constant amount of the medication over an extended period of time, have a -
Slower onset of action + have a longer duration of action than PO or INJ meds
33
What is Absorption?
The movement of a drug from the side of administration to other places in the body
34
In what order do oral meds need to absorb through in the body before reaching circulation?
The Intestinal Wall, then they enter the Portal Vein (Portal System) then the liver before reaching circulation
35
What is the First Pass Effect?
Whenever the drug reaches the liver, some of it deactivates as it passes through it
36
The amount of the drug available in the circulation after the first-pass effect =
Bio-Availability
37
Are INJ meds affected by the First Pass Effect?
No, they bypass it by going straight into circulation
38
What is Distribution?
The movement of a drug by the circulatory system to the intended site of action
39
What’s the difference between Absorption and Distribution?
With Absorption, the drug is moving from the site of administration to other tissues. With Distribution, the drug is moving via the circulatory system to an intended site of action.
40
How do meds in general get to the circulatory system?
Via absorbing through the Intestinal Wall and making it to the liver (PO Route) Via the alveoli in the lungs (Nebulizer Route) Via INJ
41
What areas of the body should receive the highest doses of a drug?
Areas of the body with the richest blood supply (Liver, Heart, Kidneys)
42
Why would the Brain not receive a very high level of a drug compared to certain other areas of the body?
Areas with a barrier are less exposed to a drug. The brain has the Blood Brain Barrier, so it won’t be exposed to the drug as much as other areas.
43
Do bones receive a very high level of exposure to drugs compared to certain other areas of the body?
No
44
What is Metabolism in regards to drugs?
The change that occurs in a med into a more / less potent form of the med, more soluble form of the med, or an inactive form of the med
45
If a med becomes more soluble, more or less potent, or becomes inactive after entering the body, what is this an example of?
Metabolism
46
What organ is the most responsible for the metabolism of drugs in the body?
The Liver
47
When does Biotransformation occur?
Whenever the structure of a med changes because of metabolism
48
What is the new or altered form of a med called after Biotransformation occurs?
Metabolite
49
What can assist in the Excretion of a med or its Metabolites?
The Kidneys, Lungs, GI Tract, or Skin
50
Whenever a drug is being excreted via the kidneys, what can occur?
The kidneys may reabsorb some of the drug, allowing some of the med to go through the body again
51
The time it takes for a medication that enters the body to decrease in amount by half =
Half Life Value
52
The amount of time it takes for the medication to demonstrate a therapeutic response =
Onset of Action
53
The length of time the medication’s therapeutic effect lasts without additional doses =
Duration of Action
54
The point in time when the medication is at its highest level in the body =
The Peak Level
55
The point in time when the medication is at its lowest level in the body =
The Trough Level
56
How can you determine peak and trough levels?
Via taking a pt’s blood samples throughout the day
57
How the drug effects the body =
Pharmacodynamics
58
How the body effects the drug =
Pharmacokinetics
59
The effects of medications occur secondary to -
Changes in how cells function, changes in the cellular environment, or changes in the action of enzymes in the body
60
What do changes in cellular function cause?
A greater or lesser response than what typically occurs
61
What are Agonists?
Meds that bind with a receptor and cause a greater-than-typical response
62
What are Antagonists?
Meds that bind with a receptor and either block a response OR cause a less-than-typical response
63
Antagonists exert their effect in what manner?
Either a Competitive or Non-Competitive manner
64
What are Antagonists called that compete for receptive sites with Agonists?
Competitive Antagonists
65
What are Non-Competitive Antagonists?
Antagonists that block an Agonist’s access to receptor sites
66
When you give in high enough doses, noncompetitive antagonists can-
Completely block the typical response caused by an agonist
67
Competitive antagonists that you give in increasingly high doses will-
Decrease the typical response by an agonist but will rarely completely block it
68
You note that a primary care provider prescribed morphine sulfate, an opioid agonist, to relieve a client’s postoperative pain. Which of the following actions describes the action of an agonist on a receptor? A: Destroys the receptor B: Competes with the receptor C: Activates the receptor D: Blocks the receptor
C

Pharmacology Made Easy ATI (45 decks)

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