The Neurological System (Part 1) Overview

Question 1

What are the 2 main segments of the Nervous System?

Answer 1

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Question 2

The brain and spinal cord both make up the-

Answer 2

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 3

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) includes the-

Answer 3

The Cranial Nerves

The Spinal Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 4

What do Afferent Sensory Nerves do?

Answer 4

Send info to the Spinal Cord and Brain

Question 5

What do Efferent Sensory Nerves do?

Answer 5

Send info from the Brain to the rest of the body

Question 6

What does the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) include?

Answer 6

The Parasympathetic Nervous System

The Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 7

What does the Sympathetic Nervous System do?

Answer 7

Protect the body in times of danger and stress

Question 8

What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System do?

Answer 8

Maintains the regulatory tasks of the body

Question 9

What stimulates neurons to send electrical impulses from one neuron to the next?

Answer 9

Chemical Neurotransmitters

Question 10

What are Neurons?

Answer 10

Cells that conduct nerve impulses in the CNS and PNS

Question 11

What are the different parts that make up a Neuron?

Answer 11

A Cell Body
Dendrites
An Axon

Question 12

What does the Cell Body of a Neuron consist of?

Answer 12

Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Lysosomes, etc.

Question 13

What is the thread-like structure that carries nerve impulses away from the Cell Body of a Neuron?

Answer 13

The Axon

Question 14

Axons have multiple appendages that reach out to-

Answer 14

Dendrites of nearby Neurons

Question 15

What is the space between an Axon’s appendages and the neighboring cell’s Dendrites called?

Answer 15

The Synaptic Cleft

Question 16

What causes the electrochemical reactions that occur in the Synaptic Cleft?

Answer 16

Depolarization happens because Sodium and Potassium ions get interchanged across the Axon Membrane

Question 17

What ions regulate the flow of other ions through an Axon Membrane?

Answer 17

Calcium Ions

Question 18

What releases Neurotransmitters? Where do they go to?

Answer 18

The Axon of one neuron releases Neurotransmitters onto the Dendrites of another Neuron

Question 19

Name some Chemical Neurotransmitters that can be found in the CNS?

Answer 19

Acetylcholine
Histamine
Gama-Butyric Acid (GABA)
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
Monoamines

Question 20

Name some examples of Monoamines?

Answer 20

Dopamine
Serotonin
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

Question 21

What is the function of the ANS?

Answer 21

Maintain regulatory functions of the body (via the release of Neurotransmitters) + Protect the body in times of stress and danger

Question 22

What is the Alpha 1 Sympathetic Receptor responsible for controlling?

Answer 22

Pupils
Coronary Arteries
Peripheral Blood Vessels
Intestinal Blood Vessels
Bladder Body
Bladder Sphincter

Question 23

What is the Alpha 2 Sympathetic Receptor responsible for controlling?

Answer 23

Salivary Gland
Intestinal Tone

Question 24

What is the Beta 1 Sympathetic Receptor responsible for controlling?

Answer 24

Heart Rate
Heart Contraction

Question 25

What is the Beta 2 Sympathetic Receptor responsible for controlling?

Answer 25

Coronary Arteries Peripheral Blood Vessels Bronchi Pulmonary Blood Vessels Uterus

Question 26

The dilation of the pupils is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 26

Sympathetic

Question 27

The is a constriction of the pupils is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 27

Parasympathetic

Question 28

The decreased secretion of the salivary gland is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 28

Sympathetic

Question 29

The increased salivation of the salivary gland is a sympathetic or parasympathetic response to stimulus?

Answer 29

Parasympathetic

Question 30

Increased heart rate is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 30

Sympathetic

Question 31

Decreased heart rate is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 31

Parasympathetic

Question 32

The increased force of the heart’s contractions is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 32

Sympathetic

Question 33

The decreased force of the heart’s contractions is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 33

Parasympathetic

Question 34

The constriction of the coronary arteries is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 34

Sympathetic

Question 35

The dilation of the coronary arteries is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 35

Sympathetic

Question 36

The relaxation of the coronary arteries is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 36

Parasympathetic

Question 37

The vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 37

Sympathetic

Question 38

The vasodilation of the peripheral blood vessels is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 38

Sympathetic

Question 39

The dilation of the bronchi is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 39

Sympathetic

Question 40

The constriction of the bronchi is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 40

Parasympathetic

Question 41

The dilation of the pulmonary blood vessels is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 41

Sympathetic

Question 42

The constriction of the pulmonary blood vessels is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 42

Parasympathetic

Question 43

A decreased intestinal tone is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 43

Sympathetic

Question 44

The peripheral blood vessels and uterus both don’t have-

Answer 44

A parasympathetic response to a stimulus

Question 45

A increased intestinal tone is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 45

Parasympathetic

Question 46

The constriction of the intestinal blood vessels is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 46

Sympathetic

Question 47

The dilation of the intestinal blood vessels is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

Answer 47

Parasympathetic

Question 48

Mild relaxation of the bladder body is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction to stimulus?

Answer 48

Sympathetic

Question 49

Contraction of the bladder body is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction to stimulus?

Answer 49

Parasympathetic

Question 50

The constriction of the bladder sphincter is a sympathetic or parasympathetic response to stimulus?

Question 51

The relaxation of the bladder sphincter is a sympathetic or parasympathetic response to stimulus?

Answer 51

Parasympathetic

Question 52

The contraction of the uterus is a sympathetic or parasympathetic response to stimulus?

Answer 52

Sympathetic

Question 53

The relaxation of the uterus is a sympathetic or parasympathetic response to stimulus?

Answer 53

Sympathetic

Question 54

The Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, and Beta 2 sensory receptors are all apart of-

Answer 54

The ANS

Question 55

What are some chemical neurotransmitters that can be found in the ANS?

Answer 55

Acetylcholine Epinephrine Norepinephrine Dopamine

Question 56

What receptors do the Acetylcholine neurotransmitters stimulate?

Answer 56

Cholinergic Receptors

Question 57

What receptors do Epinephrine and Norepinephrine neurotransmitters stimulate?

Answer 57

Adrenergic Receptors

Question 58

Medications are Cholinergic or Adrenergic based on-

Answer 58

Which neurotransmitter they stimulate

Question 59

What’s the difference between Agonists and Antagonists?

Answer 59

Antagonists block the typical action of of a neurotransmitter Agonists stimulate the typical action of a neurotransmitter

Question 60

How do Agonists stimulate the typical action of a neurotransmitter?

Answer 60

Agonists fit into the receptor site like a puzzle piece

Question 61

What does a Cholinergic Antagonist do?

Answer 61

Blocks the effects of Acetylcholine

Question 62

What does a Cholinergic Agonist do?

Answer 62

Enhances the effects of Acetylcholine

Question 63

What do meds ending with the suffix “-ase” do?

Answer 63

They block the degradation of a transmitter by interfering with the enzyme that breaks down the transmitter, prolonging its action

Question 64

Sympathetic reactions to stimuli have little to no effect on-

Answer 64

Secretion

Question 65

ANS receptors that chemical transmitters affect fall into-

Answer 65

Subtypes

Question 66

What determines the subtype of the ANS receptors affected by chemical transmitters?

Answer 66

Location

Question 67

Acetylcholine Receptors that reside on a Ganglia or as a part of the Neuromuscular Junction, may fall into either of which two subtypes?

Answer 67

Muscarinic or Nicotinic

Question 68

What are the goals of medication therapy for Neurological Disorders?

Answer 68

Depress or increase activity of the CNS Regulate amounts of CNS neurotransmitters Stimulate or block autonomic receptors