Intro to psych: spring mid-term Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is Iconic Memory?
A type of sensory memory that holds visual information for a fraction of a second.
What is Eidetic Imagery?
The rare ability to recall images with high precision after only a brief exposure, often referred to as ‘photographic memory.’
What is Echoic Memory?
A type of sensory memory specific to auditory information, allowing individuals to briefly retain sounds even after they stop.
What is Sensory Memory?
The very first stage of memory, the point at which information enters the nervous system.
What is a Retrieval cue?
An external or internal stimulus that aids in accessing stored information.
What is Retrieval failure?
When a person cannot recall a word or information but feels close to remembering it.
Tip of the tongue phenomenon.
What is Intelligence Quotient (IQ)?
A standardized score or number derived from intelligence tests meant to measure intellectual capability.
What is Emotional intelligence (EQ)?
The ability to recognize, understand, and manage your own emotions, and to navigate social complexities effectively.
What is Reinforcement in Operant Conditioning?
Strengthens a behavior.
What is Positive Reinforcement?
Adding a pleasant stimulus to increase behavior (e.g., giving a gold star).
What is Negative Reinforcement?
Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior (e.g., taking pain medication to relieve a headache).
What is Punishment in Operant Conditioning?
Weakens a behavior.
What is Positive Punishment?
Adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease behavior (e.g., adding extra chores).
What is Negative Punishment?
Removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease behavior (e.g., losing TV privileges).
What is Fixed Ratio in Schedules of Reinforcement?
Reinforcement after a set number of responses.
What is Variable Ratio in Schedules of Reinforcement?
Reinforcement after a varying number of responses.
What is Fixed Interval in Schedules of Reinforcement?
Reinforcement after a set amount of time.
What is Variable Interval in Schedules of Reinforcement?
Reinforcement after varying amounts of time.
What is Encoding in the Processes of Memory?
Sensory information is first taken in and converted into a form that is usable in the brain’s storage system.
What is Storage in the Processes of Memory?
The brain holds onto information for some period of time.
What is Retrieval in the Processes of Memory?
The information that was stored is then retrieved in a form that can be used.
What is the definition of Intelligence?
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
What is Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences?
Includes linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist intelligences.
What is Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory?
Proposes three types of intelligence: Analytical, Creative, and Practical.
