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intro to psych > Intro to Psych Unit 1 Pt 1 > Flashcards

Intro to Psych Unit 1 Pt 1 Flashcards

Everything up until Brain Stem (60 cards)

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1
Q

What is the overarching meaning of psychology?

A

The study of behavior (feeling, saying, hearing, and doing)

“Why we do what we do”

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2
Q

Perspectives of Psychology

A

-Biological
-Learning
-Cognitive
-Sociocultural

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3
Q

Biological Perspective

A

bodily events affect behavior
-electrical impulses/ chemical substances, genes etc.
(ex chronic pain that can be relieved through anger)

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4
Q

Learning Perspective

A

environment affects behavior
-behavior is encouraged or discouraged
(ex looking for attention for they lash out)

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5
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

focuses on how the mind works
-thought process in perception, memory, language, problem solving.
(ex. growing up thinking he’s not worth so he lashes out. )

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6
Q

Sociocultural perspective

A

how social and cultural forces affect behavior
-things ingrained in us since day one, social norms
(ex. saying bless you after someone sneezes)

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7
Q

critical thinking guides

A
  1. ability to wonder
  2. define your terms
  3. examine the evidence
  4. analyze assumptions and bias
  5. avoid emotional reasoning
  6. don’t oversimplify
  7. consider other interpretations
    tolerate uncertainty
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8
Q

Research methods: Descriptive studies

A

Describing and predicting behavior

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9
Q

Case Study

A

detailed description of an indiviual being studied or treated

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10
Q

observational study

A

researcher records and observes behavior without interference
(naturalistic vs laboratory)

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11
Q

psychological test: objective

A

measures beliefs, feelings and behaviors that we are aware of.

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12
Q

psychological test: projective

A

tapping into subconscious (the inkblot test)

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13
Q

Surveys

A

Questionnaires or interviews that ask people about their experiences, attitudes, and opinions.

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14
Q

correlational studies

A

looking at a relationship between two or more phenomena
-correlation does not equal causation
-typical trend

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15
Q

variables

A

characteristics of behavior of behavior of experiences that can be measured or described.

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16
Q

experiments

A

a controlled test of a hypothesis

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17
Q

independent variable

A

manipulated variable

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18
Q

dependent variable

A

variable we measure

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19
Q

confound

A

possible wrench in experiment

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20
Q

placebo

A

fake treatment

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21
Q

cross sectional study

A

comparing to different groups at the same time.

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22
Q

longitudinal study

A

one group over extended period of time
(measure at 13, 20, 35)

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23
Q

single blind study

A

participants unaware of which group they are in

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24
Q

double blind study

A

both participants and researchers unaware of which group consist of who

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25
field research
empirical research done in naturalistic setting
26
nervous system
gathers and processes info, produces a response to stimuli
27
central nervous system (CNS)
-recieves, processes, interprets and stores incoming sensory information. - consists of brain and spinal cord
28
sensory information
tastes, sounds, smells, pressure on skin, state of internal organs
29
spinal cord
sends signals between brain and body
30
peripheral nervous system
tackles input and output of central nervous system -motor nerves has two parts somatic and autonomic
31
moter nerves
causes glands to contract and secrete substances (hormones) -enables us to move (ex ears allow you take in sounds)
32
somatic
has nerves connected to skeletal muscles -permit voluntary action
33
autonomic
it reacts before the brain can process it -regulates internal organs and glands
34
Glia
caretaker of neurons -gives neurons nutrients, insulation, assistance in growing, remove debris communicate chemically with each other and with other neurons -neurons fail with them plays a role in learning and memory
35
neurons
building blocks of the nervous system -transmit info to and from within the CNS
36
dendrites
Antenna, branch like -receives information from other neurons. -transmit info to cell body. -completes some initial processing
37
cell body
heart of the operation -keeps neurons alive -includes cell's nucleus -determine whether to fire or not (sending out electrical impluses)
38
axon
transmits messages away from the cell body
39
receptor sites
molecules in recieving neuron's dendrites or cell body
40
reuptake
neurotransmitter molecules return to releasing cells
41
excitatory effect (exciting)
decreases in negative charge --> neuron fires
42
inhibitory effect (calming)
increases in negative charge -neuron less likely to fire
43
neurotransmitters
power to excite or inhibit another neuron -exists in the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and some glands -controls every action of the brain
44
serotonin (type of transmitter)
involved in sleep, appetite, sensory perception, temp regulation, pain suppression and mood
45
dopamine (type of transmitter)
involved in voluntary movement, attention, learning, memory, emotion; pleasure and reward behavior
46
acetylchroline (type of transmitter)
involved in muscle action, arousal, vigilance, memory and emotion
47
norepinephrine (type of transmitter)
involved in increased heart rate and slowing of intestinal activity during stress involved in learning, memory, dreaming, waking from sleep, and emotion
48
GABA
main inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain -keeping out positive ions or bringing in more negative ions)
49
Glutamate
main exhibitory neurotransmitter
50
hormones
-secreted by organs -released in blood stream -long distance messengers -promotes bodily growth
51
melationin
secreted by pineal gland deep within the brain -helps regulate daily biological rhythms and promotes sleep
52
oxytocin
-secreted by the pituitary gland -enhances uterine contractions during childbirth -promotes social attachment
53
adrenal
produced by adrenal glands -involved in emotion, stress, heat, cold, pain injury, and physical exercise -increases blood sugar (too much can cause diabetes) -boosts energy -preps you for action (too much --> constant fight mode)
54
sex hormones
secreted by tissue in gonads and adrenal glands -testes for males ovaries for females
55
androgens
mascilinizing hormones
56
estrogens
feminizing hormones
57
progesterone
growth maintenance of uterine lining.
58
neuromodulators
the brain's volume control (bringing down the pain)
59
endorphins
chemicals involved in pain reductions, pleasure, mood, learning and memory
60

intro to psych (2 decks)

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