Intro To Rad

Question 1

What is an image created from x-rays?

Answer 1

a radiograph

Question 2

What is the individual who takes Radiograph images of a patient?

Answer 2

Radiology technician (other professions do as well)

Question 3

What is a specially trained (residency in most cases) individual who reads diagnostic imaging, including radiographs?

Answer 3

Radiologist

Question 4

What is it called where the cathode and anode are in for taking an x-ray?

Answer 4

an X-ray tube

Question 5

What determines where the x-rays go out of the x-ray tube?

Answer 5

the collimator

Question 6

What is the positive and what is the negative side of the x-ray tube?

Answer 6

negative side–> cathode

positive side–> anode

Question 7

What is the structure in the x-ray tube that will be hit by the electrons given off from the cathode?

Answer 7

the anode

Question 8

What must the film be inside and why?

Answer 8

an X-ray cassette, so light doesn’t get in and expose the film

Question 9

What does the x-ray cassette, holding the film, go inside?

Answer 9

the Bucky or image receptor

Question 10

What is the color of the inside of the X-ray cassette?

Answer 10

white surface that will turn darker/glow once photons hit it

Question 11

If the area on the film is darker, what does this tell us about the number of photons that hit it?

Answer 11

more photons hit cassette and exposed it

Question 12

If the area on the film is lighter, what does this tell us about the number of photons that hit it?

Answer 12

no photons or few photons hit the cassette due to the anatomy (bone) stopping them

Question 13

Where are the electrons created for an x-ray?

Answer 13

at the cathode

Question 14

Where do the electrons for an x-ray accelerate from and to?

Answer 14

from the cathode to the anode

Question 15

What is the piece of metal the electrons hit to make x-rays?

Answer 15

anode

Question 16

What exposes the film?

Answer 16

the glowing of the cassette due to x-rays that pass through the patient

Question 17

What color on the film will the area that doesn’t glow in the cassette be?

Answer 17

white

Question 18

Will a darker film have a higher or lower density? Will this indicate more or less x-ray exposure?

Answer 18

darker film = higher density = more x-ray exposure

more x-rays made it through and hit film

Question 19

Will a lighter film have a higher or lower density? Will this indicate more or less x-ray exposure?

Answer 19

lighter film = lower density = less x-ray exposure (to cassette and it does NOT flow and expose the film)

Question 20

The optical/radiographic (film) density reflects the number of _________ that make it to the film and expose it.

Answer 20

photons

Question 21

Will more photons making it to the film create a blacker or whiter film?

Answer 21

blacker film– more density

Question 22

What is the area of blackness where it should be white referred to as?

Answer 22

Radiolucent (lucency)

Question 23

What is the area of whiteness where it should be black referred to as?

Answer 23

Radiopaque (opacity)

Question 24

What is the term for more whiteness than normal (bone) on a film?

Answer 24

Sclerotic (sclerosis)

Question 25

What is the term for the amount of difference b/w visible shades?

Answer 25

contrast

Question 26

Is there more or less contrast when there is a big difference b/w visible sheets?

Answer 26

more contrast

Question 27

When there is a little difference b/w shades, is this less or more contrast?

Answer 27

less contrast

Question 28

If there are more shades of gray, is this considered to have more or less contrast?

Answer 28

less contrast

Question 29

T/F. Contrast and shades of gray are opposite to another.

Answer 29

True-- b/c the higher the contrast, the less shades of gray there are and vice versa

Question 30

Will low and high contrast have higher kVp?

Answer 30

low contrast

Question 31

Will high contrast have higher or lower kVp?

Answer 31

lower kVp

Question 32

Will high or low contrast have intense blacks and whites?

Answer 32

high contrast

Question 33

Are low or high contrast films better for skeletal films? What type of kVp will this have?

Answer 33

high contrast; low kVp

Question 34

Will the amount of shades of gray increase or decrease with an increase in kVp?

Answer 34

increase in shades of gray

Question 35

If we increase the kVp, what happens to the contrast?

Answer 35

the contrast decreases

Question 36

Will a higher or lower kVp have more Compton scattering (more variation in the x-ray beam)?

Answer 36

higher the kVp

Question 37

What are the 5 Primary Radiographic Densities? List in order from most black to most white.**

Answer 37

1. Air (most black/leucent) 2. Fat 3. Water 4. Bone 5. Metal (most white/opaque)

Question 38

How many views must we have in order to appreciate an objects 3D characteristics?

Answer 38

2 views!!!

Question 39

What is the view called that as if the patient was facing you--> R on L?

Answer 39

Anatomical View (typical way that radiologists look at films)

Question 40

What is the view called that is as if the patient was facing away from you-- R on R?

Answer 40

Surgical view (typical way that chiropractors and spine surgeons look at films)

Question 41

What is the view called that chiropractors look at films?

Answer 41

Surgical view R on R L on L

Question 42

What does Recumbent mean?

Answer 42

laying down; not standing Could be: - prone - supine - lateral recumbent

Question 43

What is the term for when one is laying down on their side?

Answer 43

lateral recumbent

Question 44

Describe the positioning of a patient for a A-P film.

Answer 44

front to back; back toward film | x-rays enter anterior aspect of patient first

Question 45

Describe the positioning of a patient for a P-A film.

Answer 45

back to front; front toward film

Question 46

Describe the positioning of a patient for a Left Lateral film.

Answer 46

side-view with left side toward film | therefore right side is closest to x-ray tube

Question 47

Describe the positioning of a patient for a Lateral film.

Answer 47

side-view with side toward film

Question 48

Describe the positioning of a patient for a Oblique film.

Answer 48

angled view; usually 45 degrees

Question 49

At what osseous level/landmark is the mastoid tip at?

Answer 49

C1

Question 50

At what osseous level/landmark is the thyroid/laryngeal cartilage at?

Answer 50

C4

Question 51

At what osseous level/landmark is the vertebral prominens at?

Answer 51

C7

Question 52

At what osseous level/landmark is the sternal notch at

Answer 52

T2

Question 53

At what osseous level/landmark is the sternal angle at?

Answer 53

T4

Question 54

At what osseous level/landmark is the xyphoid tip at?

Answer 54

T10

Question 55

At what osseous level/landmark is the iliac crest at?

Answer 55

L4/L5

Question 56

At what osseous level/landmark is the ASIS at?

Answer 56

S2

Question 57

At what osseous level/landmark is the Greater trochanter at?

Answer 57

coccyx tip and pubic symphysis

Question 58

When we mark lateral views, what is the marker indicating about the patient placement?

Answer 58

side of the patient that is closet to the film at the time the film as taken; the side that is touching the Bucky

Question 59

When we take an extremity film what is the Mitchell Marker indicating?

Answer 59

the side the extremity is on

Question 60

When we take a spine film, what is the Mitchell Marker indicating?

Answer 60

the anatomically correct side

Question 61

What of the patient is touching the image receptor (Bucky) for a Right Posterior oblique (RPO) film?

Answer 61

right posterior toward film

Question 62

What of the patient is touching the image receptor (Bucky) for a Left Posterior Oblique (LPO) film?

Answer 62

Left posterior toward film

Question 63

What of the patient is touching the image receptor (Bucky) for a Right anterior oblique (RAO) film?

Answer 63

Right anterior toward film

Question 64

What of the patient is touching the image receptor (Bucky) for a Left Anterior Oblique (LAO) film?

Answer 64

Left anterior toward film