Intro to the Human Body

Question 1

division of the anterior (ventral cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera

Answer 1

Abdominpelvic Cavity

Question 2

assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules

Answer 2

Anabolism

Question 3

standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body

Answer 3

Anatomical Position

Question 4

science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structures

Answer 4

Anatomy

Question 5

describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as ventral

Answer 5

Anterior

Question 6

larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as ventral cavity

Answer 6

Anterior Cavity

Question 7

breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules

Answer 7

Catabolism

Question 8

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as inferior

Answer 8

Caudal

Question 9

medical imaging technique in which a computer-enhanced cross-sectional X-ray image is obtained

Answer 9

Computed Tomography (CT)

Question 10

compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector

Answer 10

Control Center

Question 11

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as superior

Answer 11

Cranial

Question 12

division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain

Answer 12

Cranial Cavity

Question 13

describes a position farther from the surface of the body

Answer 13

Deep

Question 14

changes an organism goes through during its life

Answer 14

Development

Question 15

process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function

Answer 15

Differentiation

Question 16

describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

Answer 16

Distal

Question 17

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as posterior

Answer 17

Dorsal

Question 18

posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to the posterior body cavity

Answer 18

Dorsal Cavity

Question 19

organ that can cause change in a value

Answer 19

Effector

Question 20

two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions

Answer 20

Frontal Plane

Question 21

Study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to macroscopic anatomy

Answer 21

Gross Anatomy

Question 22

process of increasing in size

Answer 22

Growth

Question 23

steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain

Answer 23

Homeostasis

Question 24

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as caudal

Answer 24

Inferior

Question 25

describes the side or direction toward the side of the body

Answer 25

Lateral

Question 26

medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field to obtain detailed sectional images of the internal structures of the body

Answer 26

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Question 27

describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

Answer 27

Medial

Question 28

sum of all of the body's chemical reactions

Answer 28

Metabolism

Question 29

study of very small structures of the body using magnification

Answer 29

Microscopic Anatomy

Question 30

homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body's physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed

Answer 30

Negative Feedback

Question 31

range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center

Answer 31

Normal Range

Question 32

chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival

Answer 32

Nutrient

Question 33

functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues

Answer 33

Organ

Question 34

group of organs that work together to carry out a specific function

Answer 34

Organ System

Question 35

living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

Answer 35

Organism

Question 36

sac that encloses the heart

Answer 36

Pericardium

Question 37

serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs found there

Answer 37

Peritoneum

Question 38

science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body's functions

Answer 38

Physiology

Question 39

imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body

Answer 39

Plane

Question 40

serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs

Answer 40

Pleura

Question 41

the smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles

Answer 41

Cell

Question 42

mechanism that intensifies a change in the body's physiological condition in response to a stimulus

Answer 42

Positive Feedback

Question 43

medical imaging technique in which radiopharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiological functions in tissues

Answer 43

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Question 44

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal

Answer 44

Posterior

Question 45

posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as dorsal cavity

Answer 45

Posterior Cavity

Question 46

force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance

Answer 46

Pressure

Question 47

face down

Answer 47

Prone

Question 48

describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

Answer 48

Proximal

Question 49

study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions

Answer 49

Regional Anatomy

Question 50

process by which worn-out cells are replaced

Answer 50

Renewal

Question 51

process by which new organisms are generated

Answer 51

Reproduction

Question 52

ability of an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditions

Answer 52

Responsiveness

Question 53

two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides

Answer 53

Sagittal Plane

Question 54

in anatomy, a single flat surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut through

Answer 54

Section

Question 55

(also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center

Answer 55

Sensor

Question 56

membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serous membrane

Answer 56

Serosa

Question 57

membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serosa

Answer 57

Serous Membrane

Question 58

ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostasis

Answer 58

Set Point

Question 59

division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; also referred to as vertebral cavity

Answer 59

Spinal Cavity

Question 60

describes a position nearer to the surface of the body

Answer 60

Superficial

Question 61

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as cranial

Answer 61

Superior

Question 62

face up

Answer 62

Supine

Question 63

study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems

Answer 63

Systemic Anatomy

Question 64

division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus and trachea

Answer 64

Thoracic Cavity

Question 65

group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function

Answer 65

Tissue

Question 66

two-dimensional, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions

Answer 66

Transverse Plane

Question 67

application of ultrasonic waves to visualize subcutaneous body structures such as tendons and organs

Answer 67

Ultrasonography

Question 68

describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as anterior

Answer 68

Ventral

Question 69

larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as anterior body cavity

Answer 69

Ventral Cavity

Question 70

form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases; used in medicine as a diagnostic aid to visualize body structures such as bones

Answer 70

X-ray