Lecture 2.5 For 2.5 Quiz

Question 1

Saturated Fats

Answer 1

• Solid at room temp
• Even number of Carbon’s and single covalent bonds
• Butter on Table

Question 2

Unsaturated fats

Answer 2

• Better for you
• Olive Oil
• </= 1 double covalent bonds

Question 3

Phospholipids

Answer 3

• Similar to triglycerides
• 1 fatty acid replaced by molecule with P and N

Question 4

What is meant by Polarity?

Answer 4

• Hydrophilic: Polar (think Polar bears)
• Hydrophobic: NonPolar

Question 5

What does amphipathic mean in reference to the phoso. bilayer

Answer 5

• Phobic and Philic side

Question 6

Steroids

Answer 6

(Cholesterol–>bile salts, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone)

Question 7

Carboxylic Acid Group

Answer 7

COOH

Question 8

Amino Group

Answer 8

NH2

Question 9

ID Protein by…

Answer 9

Central Caron atom, amino acids, amino group, carboxylic group, and side chains

Question 10

mRNA

Answer 10

• Messenger RNA
• Contains genetic information copied from a portion of DNA
• Carries genetic information from gene our of nucleus into the cytoplasm (then turns into protein)

Question 11

tRNA

Answer 11

• Transfer RNA
• Transports amino acids to the riosomes during PS

Question 12

rRNA

Answer 12

• Ribosomal RNA
  -Does NOT contain genetic information
• Structural component of ribosomes

Question 13

RNAi

Answer 13

• RNA interference
• at molecular level–>gene control, turn off gene (inhibits gene exression)

Question 14

Peptide Bond

Answer 14

• Bond between amino acids
• di, tri, poly, etc.
• 50-3K AA’s (proteins)

Question 15

1° Structure

Answer 15

• Determined by a sequence of AA’s with peptide bonds

Question 16

2° Structure

Answer 16

• Folds/twists/bends in polypeptide bonds caused by hydrogen bonds (helices/pleats)
• H helps the twists, no kinks yet

Question 17

3° Structure

Answer 17

-Folds of the helices/pleats, SOme AA’s (polar) remain unfolded(philic) others fold inwards (Phobic)

Question 18

Domain Shape

Answer 18

100-200 AA’s of protein: changes in 1°/2°–> changes protein function

Question 19

4° Structure

Answer 19

> /= 2 proteins associate for function: spatial relationship between individual subunits exist

Question 20

Enzymes are…

Answer 20

• Protein catalysit that speeds up chem reactions by lowering activation energy: not changing enzyme permanently

Question 21

Lock and Key Model

Answer 21

• Reactants (key) and to active site (lock) on enzyme

Question 22

Induced Fit Model

Answer 22

• Enzyme changes shape to fit reactants etter
• Doesn’t have to be perfect fit
• Some render enzyme useless (temp., physical shape, pH)

Question 23

Lipase

Answer 23

Breakdown of lipids

Question 24

Protease

Answer 24

Breakdown of proteins

Question 25

DNA

Answer 25

- Deoxyribose - A,T,G,C - Antiparallel

Question 26

RNA

Answer 26

- Ribose - 1 more oxygen than deoxyribose - A,U,G,C

Question 27

Purines

Answer 27

- Adenine (2 circles) - Guanine (2 circles)

Question 28

Pyrimidines

Answer 28

- Thymine (1 circle) - Uracil - Cytosine (1 circle)

Question 29

Nucleotides

Answer 29

- Sugars, nitrogenous bases, phosphate backbone - Monomer of Nucleic Acids

Question 30

Protein Synthesis

Answer 30

- 2 steps - 1st Transcription - 2nd Translation - Always in the Nucleus -CDB is PS - DNA-->(Transc)(mRNA)-->(transl)(protein)

Question 31

Central Dogma of Biology

Answer 31

- Involved in gene expression like PS - DNA indirectly dictates protein function-->import cellular function - When genes become active--> an enzyme makes a temp. RNA copy of the information (Think CD/DVD)

Question 32

DNA Rep. Transcription Translation

Answer 32

- Nucleus - Nucleus - Cytoplasm

Question 33

ATP is..

Answer 33

- Important energy molecule - Adenine and Ribose make up ATP - A, Ribose, 3 phosphate groups

Question 34

When bonds break between 2nd and 3rd p group on ATP creates...

Answer 34

Energy