Intro to Urinary

Question 1

What are the functions of the urinary system?

Answer 1

• Filtration & Excretion of metabolic waste form blood
• BP regulation via RAAS
• Plasma electrolyte conc. regulation
• Stabilizes pH
• Conserves Nutrient
• Reabsorption of small molecules e.g. AAs. glc. Peptides
• Erythropoietin Production

Question 2

Describe the peritonisation of the kidney?

Answer 2

They’re Retroperitoneal but only partially peritonised depending on if the structure lying on the kidney is retro or intra peritoneal

Question 3

What are the layers of kidney, fat, fascia etc?

Answer 3

Kidney
Renal Capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal Fascia
Pararenal Fat

Question 4

What are the organs lying on the ant right kidney?

Answer 4

Right Suprarenal Gland
Liver
Right Colic Flexure
Duodenum

Question 5

What are the organs lying on the ant. Left Kidney?

Answer 5

Left Suprarenal Gland
Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas
Desc colon

Question 6

What are the important structures post to the kidney?

Answer 6

12th rib
Subcostal nerve
Iliohypogastric nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 7

What are the branches of the collection system within the kidney?

Answer 7

Ureter
Pelvis
Major Calyx
Minor Calyx
Papilla (the curved ending of the minor calyx)
Pyramid (Parenchyma, between columns)

Question 8

What makes up a renal lobe?

Answer 8

Renal Pyramid and associated cortex

Question 9

What order are the vessels in the kidney hilum?

Answer 9

Anterior to Posterior:

• Vein
• Artery
• Pelvis

VAP

Question 10

What are the levels of branches of the renal artery?

Answer 10

Renal artery branches inside hte liver:

• 5 segmental branches
• > Interlobar branches
• > Arcuate branches
• > Interlobular Branches

Question 11

What lymphatics drain the kidneys?

Answer 11

Lateral Aortic Nodes

Question 12

Where are the 3 constrictions of the ureter?

Answer 12

1) As it passes over the inferior renal pole at pevlo-uretic junction
2) As it crosses the common iliac artery bifurcation
3) As it traverses the bladder wall (vesicouretic junction)

Question 13

What embryological remnants are part of the bladder?

Answer 13

Median Umbilical Ligament = Remant of urachus
Two medial umbilical folds - Occluded embryological umbiical artery
Two lateral umbilical folds - Inf. Epigastric vessels

Question 14

How is the bladder peritonised?

Answer 14

Retroperitoneal like kidneys

In women its partially peritonised due to the uterus sitting on top

Question 15

dsecribe the vasculature of the urinary bladder?

Answer 15

Internal iliac arteries branches

Tributaries of internal iliac veins

Question 16

Explain the lymphatics of the urinary bladder?

Answer 16

Suprapubic - External iliac nodes

Infrapub - Internal iliac nodes

Question 17

What nerves supply the detrusor muscle (wall of bladder)?

Answer 17

Symp - T10-L2

Parasymp - S2-S4

Question 18

What mnerves supply the urinary sphincters?

Answer 18

Parasymp - S2-4 - Int Urethral sphincter
Somatic - S2-4 - Ext Urethral Sphincter
Aka pudendal nerve

Question 19

What supplies sensation ot the bladder?

Answer 19

Parasympathetic fibres carry pain and distension feeling from the urinary bladder

Question 20

What are the parts of the urethra?

Answer 20

Preprostatic aka intramural
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy (in the dick)`

Question 21

Where are the urinary sphincters found?

Answer 21

Internal - Just after the bladder, seperating the preprostatic and prostatic parts of the urethra

Ext. - Around the spongy urethra

Question 22

Which part of the urethra is the widest & narrowest?

Answer 22

Widest = Prostatic cos thats where semen enters
Thinnest = Membranous

Question 23

What makes up the nephron

Answer 23

The renal corpuscle + Renal tubules:

Renal corpuscle –> Proximal convuluted tubule –> Loop of Henle –> Distal convuluted Tubule

Question 24

What makes up the uriniferous tubule?

Answer 24

The nephron + the Collecting duct