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Physical Diagnosis > Intro to Vital Signs Lecture > Flashcards

Intro to Vital Signs Lecture Flashcards

5/28/19

1
Q

5-6 vital signs

A

1) Temp
2) Blood pressure
3) Respiration rate
4) Heart Rate
5) BMI
6) SOMETIMES Pulse ox

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2
Q

Examples of what causes weight loss despite high food intake

A
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Bulimia
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3
Q

Examples of what causes rapid weight gain

A

-Suggests changes in body fluid (not tissues), think heart failure

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4
Q

Examples of what causes weight loss

A
  • Depression
  • Cancer
  • drug use
  • GI disease
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5
Q

Temperature is regulated by the…

A

…hypothalamus

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6
Q

Normal oral temp

A

98.6F/37c

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7
Q

4 ways to measure temp

A

1) oral
2) Axillary
3) Rectal (patient unconscious, restless, cannot close mouth)
4) Tympanic membrane

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8
Q

rectal temp tends to be…

A

…1 degree higher than oral

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9
Q

Tympanic temp tends to be…

A

…1.4 degrees higher than oral

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10
Q

Axillary temp tends to be…

A

…1 degree lower than oral

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11
Q

Hypothermic thermometer

A

Accurate for temperatures a normal thermometer is not, below 94 degrees F

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12
Q

Things that can cause a false reading on temp

A
  • rigorous exercise
  • mouth breathing
  • smoking
  • drinking fluids
  • cerumen (ear wax)
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13
Q

Noninfectious causes of pyrexia

A
  • ovulation
  • thyroid storm
  • drug effect
  • trauma
  • cancer
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14
Q

Hyperpyrexia

A

Fever greater than 104 degrees F, typically resulting from infection

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15
Q

Hypothermia

A

Temp less than 95 degrees F, exposure to cold, shock, hypothyroidism, hypoglycemia

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16
Q

2 exceptions to hyperpyrexia and hypothermia

A

Infants and elderly

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17
Q

4 pulse sites and features of them

A

1) radial (easiest)
2) carotid (have to listen for presence of plaque that could be released by pressure)
3) femoral (inguinal region)
4) apical (on the heart, says nothing about perfusion)

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18
Q

Carotid baroreceptor mechanism

A

Massaging of carotid can cause baroreceptor reflex to stimulate thanks to glossopharangeal nerve that results in a drastic drop in blood pressure and syncope episode

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19
Q

Assessment of pulse

A

1) Rate (50-100 bpm)
2) Rhythm (regular/irregular - count an irregular for a full minute)
3) Correlation to systolic pressure
- carotid means at least 60-70
- radial and femoral means greater than 80mmHg

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20
Q

Sinus tachycardia and causes

A

Rapid regular >100 beats, caused by

  • heart disease
  • fever
  • exercise
  • anemia
  • dehydration
  • hyperthyroidism
  • drugs
  • smoking
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21
Q

Sinus bradycardia and causes

A

Slow regular <50 bpm, caused by

  • heart disease
  • hypothyroidism
  • irregular electrolytes
  • athlete
22
Q

Occasional irregularity

A

Occasional PAC/PVC, may be normal variation

23
Q

Irregular irregularity

A

Atrial fib, frequent PVC’s

24
Q

Regular irregularity

A

Mobitz 1 A/V block

25
Q

Weak pulse reaons

A

-Shock, MI, aoritc anyeurism

26
Q

Bounding pulse reasons

A

anxiety, fever, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, anemia

27
Q

Pulsus alternans and cause

A

Alternating strong and weak pulse, indicates left ventricular heart failure

28
Q

Pulsus bisferiens and cause

A

Biphasic pulse, indicates aortic valve problem

29
Q

Dicrotic pulse and cause

A

2 distinguishable palpable pulses, indicates low cardiac output

30
Q

Pulsus parvus et tardus and cause

A

Pulse is weak and has late carotid upstroke, caused by aortic valve stenosis

31
Q

Pulsus paradoxus and cause

A

Typically SBP falls 3-10mm during inspiration, pulse gets weaker, caused by asthma, COPD, etc

32
Q

Regulator of O2 and CO2 in bloodstream

A

Brainstem - medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

33
Q

Normal respiratory rate

A

12-18 per minute in adult

34
Q

Tachypenea and cause

A

Rapid, shallow breathing, caused by anxiety or restrictive lung disease

35
Q

Hyperpnea and cause

A

Rapid, deep breathing, caused by exercise, anxiety, infarct

36
Q

Hypopnea and cause

A

Shallow/infrequent breathing, caused by OSA, smoking, sedatives,

37
Q

Bradypnea and cause

A

Slow breathing <12bpm, caused by coma, drug induced, respiratory depression, increased ICP

38
Q

Kussmaul and cause

A

Fluctuating breathing rates, caused by metabolic acidosis

39
Q

Cheyne stokes and cause

A

Breaths with periods of apnea, seen in head injuries with brain tumors, or strokes

40
Q

Ataxic breathing and cause

A

Unpredicted irregularity, caused by respiratory depression, brain damage at medullary level

41
Q

Blood pressure

A

Measured by a sphyngmomanometer, peripheral measurement of cardiovascular function

42
Q

Pediatric vs thigh cuffs

A

Useful in those with small or extremely large arms

43
Q

Techniques to taking blood pressure

A
  • Remove all garments
  • Avoid smoking/caffeine 30 min prior
  • Wait 5 min after sitting
  • No constriction of proximal arm
  • Quiet environment
  • Palpate brachial pulse
  • Apply cuff 1.5 cm proximal to brachial artery
  • Lock air vent
  • Palpate radial and inflate cuff simultaneously
  • As pulse disappears approaching systolic pressure
  • First sound is systolic BP, muffled sounds phase 4 korotkoff, disappearance = phase 5 diastolic BP
  • Take 2 readings, one in each arm
44
Q

Ausculatory gap

A

Silent period present between blood pressure reading between systole and diastole, indicative of arterial stiffness or carotid stenosis

45
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Diff between systolic and diastolic pressure

46
Q

Elevated pulse pressure

A

Greater pulse pressure than 60mmHg, predictor of heart attacks and other CV diseases

47
Q

Narrow pulse pressure

A

Less pulse pressure than 40mmHg, predictor of shock, cardiac tamponade,

48
Q

Orthostatic measurement

A

Measure heart rate and BP supine, sitting, and standing, normal variations include 10bpm rise heart rate, 10-15mmHg rise or fall in systolic pressure, 5 mmHg rise or fall in diastolic pressure

49
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Pulse rising >20bpm, fall in sbp >20mmHg, fall in dbp >10mmHg

50
Q

Most common reason for orthostatic vital sign

A

-dehydration (hypovolemic)

Physical Diagnosis (10 decks)

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