Intro/tumors Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

C5

A

shoulder abduction

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2
Q

C6

A

elbow flexion

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3
Q

C7

A

elbow extension

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4
Q

C8

A

wrist flexion

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5
Q

T1

A

finger abduction

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6
Q

L2

A

hip flexion

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7
Q

L4

A

knee extension

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8
Q

L5

A

dorsiflexion, toe

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9
Q

S1

A

plantar flexion

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10
Q

personality is in what lobe?

A

frontal

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11
Q

where is your perception, academia lobe?

A

parietal

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12
Q

temporal lobe is with

A

memory hearing learning feelings, music, language

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13
Q

what is the most abundant cell type in the CNS?

A

glial cells: including oligodedrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, Schwann cells, microglia, satellite

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14
Q

injury in upper motor neurons can cause what

A

hypertonia

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15
Q

injury in lower motor neurons can cause what

A

flaccid paresis

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16
Q

What are upper motor neuron signs?

A

hyperreflexia, increased MSR
clonus
hypertonia
extensor plantar response

loss of inhibition of function!

17
Q

upper and lower motor neurons control

A

voluntary movement

18
Q

Acute trauma, acute neurologic change, acute stroke/TIA, acute HA, pre-LP, hydrocephalus, intracranial hemorrhage

imaging choice?

19
Q

Mass, dementia

imaging choice?

20
Q

aneurysm or AVM, imaging choice?

21
Q

new or different headaches
seizures
focal neurological deficits
symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure (headaches awakening a patient at night, worsening with Valsalva, cough, recumbent)
personality changes, intellectual decline, emotional lability, nausea, malaise

A

intracranial mass symptoms (generally)

22
Q

slowly increasing signs of mental dysfunction, new seizures, persistent headaches, pressure inside skull (vomiting, papilledema), calls for what

A

1- thorough neuro eval

2 - imaging

23
Q

a focal finding is when you can

A

utilize diagnostic tools to narrow down to a specific location and tells you where and what structurally is wrong

24
Q

When you find focal findings, you know something

A

neurologically is wrong

25
What are focal findings?
hemiparesis, hemihypesthesia, dysphasia, dysarthria, hemianopia, transient blindness, hemiataxia, diplopia, vertigo
26
Often found incidentally – headaches, seizures, change in personality/behavior, progressive neurological deficit, confusion, drowsiness, hearing loss/tinnitus, muscle weakness, N/V, visual disorders in adult women
meningioma
27
Arising from arachnoid cells, 90% benign → compresses surrounding structures causing symptoms Commonly grow slowly until very large
meningioma
28
MRI with contrast = intensely enhancing, well-defined lesion attached to dura – may need biopsy = spindle-cells arranged in whorled pattern, psammoma bodies
meningioma
29
how do you treat a meninagioma?
Asymptomatic with <3cm: serial imaging + close monitoring Symptomatic/large tumors: surgery (craniotomy) – radiation if not a good option, or after surgery Chemo for recurrence or progression if other options unavailable
30
General and focal neurological signs Most common seen in adults >50 Named based on cell type - astrocytoma, oligodendrocytoma, ependymoma, schwannoma
glial cell neoplasms
31
how do you diagnose glial cell neoplasms?
MRI
32
how do you treat glial cell neoplasms?
Generally treated with resection, radiation, chemotherapy
33
Persistent headaches - waking up at night, double/blurred vision, vomiting, loss of appetite, changes in mood/personality, changes in abilities to think and learn, new onset of seizures, speech difficulty of gradual onset Cranial nerve palsy
glioblastoma
34
Most common brain tumor Most malignant astrocytoma (grade IV) Rapidly progressive
glioblastoma
35
MRI with contrast = heterogeneous lesion with variable ring of enhancement with central necrosis surrounded by edema and irregular margins Biopsy
glioblastoma
36
how do you treat glioblastomas?
Maximal safe resection Steroids for symptoms caused by mass effect/edema Chemo + radiation to prolong survival AEDs for seizure
37
Common from carcinoma of the lung, breast, kidney, melanoma, GI tract
metastatic disease to brain
38
MRI with gadolinium contrast Investigate symptoms and signs -women: mammography -men: germ cell tumors (US)
metastatic disease
39
how do you treat metastatic disease?
Only 1 = remove lesion + irradiation Multiple = not considered surgical – must control treatment of primary cancer