Intro Urinalysis

Question 1

References to the study of urine
can be found in the drawings of
cavemen and in Egyptian
hieroglyphics.

Answer 1

Edwin smith surgical papyrus

Question 2

5th century BC wrote a
book on “uroscopy.”

Answer 2

Hippocrates

Question 3

Father of medicine

Answer 3

Hippocrates

Question 4

1140 AD, color charts had
been developed that
described the significance
of ____ different colors

Answer 4

20

Question 5

Pictures of early physicians
commonly showed them
examining a bladder-shaped
flask of urine

Answer 5

S-shaped
flask

Question 6

Who discovered albuminuria by boiling urine.

Answer 6

Frederik dekkers

Question 7

charlatans, called “pisse prophets,” became the subject of a book published by

Answer 7

Thomas bryant

Question 8

Charlatans also called as

Answer 8

Pisse prophets

Question 9

invention of the
microscope

Answer 9

17th century

Question 10

methods for quantitating
the microscopic sediment

Answer 10

Thomas adidas

Question 11

concept of urinalysis as part of a
doctor’s routine patient
examination.

Answer 11

Richard bright

Question 12

urinalysis began to
disappear from routine
examinations.

Answer 12

1930

Question 13

is the only organ with such a noninvasive means by which to
directly evaluate its status

Answer 13

Kidney

Question 14

is an ULTRAFILTRATE of plasma

Answer 14

Urine

Question 15

is a readily available and easily collected specimen

Answer 15

Urine

Question 16

contains information, which can be obtained by inexpensive laboratory
tests

Answer 16

Urine

Question 17

According to_______, urinalysis define as “the testing of urine with procedures commonly performed in an expeditious, reliable, accurate, safe, and cost- effective manner”

Answer 17

CLSI

Question 18

Reasons for performing urinalysis

Answer 18

Aiding diagnosis
Screening asymptomatic population
Monitoring process
Effectiveness of theraphy

Question 19

urine formation converts approximately __________
mL of filtered plasma to the
average daily urine output of
1200 mL.

Answer 19

170,000 mL

Question 20

Urine formation converts approximately 170,000 mL of filtered plasma to the
average daily urine output of
_________ mL.

Answer 20

1200 mL

Question 21

Composed of four main
components: urinary system

Answer 21

Kidney
Ureter
Urethra
Bladder

Question 22

where urine is
formed by FILTRATION
of blood

Answer 22

Kidney

Question 23

carry the
urine to the bladder

Answer 23

Ureter

Question 24

stores the
urine produced

Answer 24

Bladder

Question 25

delivers the urine for EXCRETION.

Answer 25

Urethra

Question 26

delivers the urine for EXCRETION.

Answer 26

Urethra

Question 27

the outer layer of the kidney, located just below the renal capsule.

Answer 27

Cortex

Question 28

regions of the cortex

Answer 28

Renal column

Question 29

innermost part of the kidney.

Answer 29

Medulla

Question 30

The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections, known as the

Answer 30

Renal pyramids

Question 31

the funnel-like dilated part of the ureter in the kidney.

Answer 31

Renal pelvis

Question 32

The functional unit of the kidney

Answer 32

Nephron

Question 33

Nephron Approx _________ million each kidney

Answer 33

1 to 1.5

Question 34

Responsible for removal of waste products & reabsorption

Answer 34

Corticol nephron

Question 35

Primary function is concentration of the urine

Answer 35

Juxtamedullary nephron

Question 36

PARTS OF NEPHRON

Answer 36

1. Glomerulus (Renal Corpuscle) 2. Bowman's Capsule 3. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) 4. Loop of Henle (descending/ ascending) 5. Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) 6. Afferent arteriole - 7. Efferent arteriole - 8. Peritubular capillaries - 9. Vasa recta -

Question 37

consists of a coil of approx. eight capillary lobes

Answer 37

Glomerelus

Question 38

Forms the beginning of the renal tubule.

Answer 38

Browman’s capsule

Question 39

Near bowman's capsule.

Answer 39

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 40

The area where the concentration or osmotic gradient (exchange of water and salt) takes

Answer 40

Loop of henle

Question 41

Downward

Answer 41

Descending loop of henle

Question 42

Upward

Answer 42

Ascending loop of henle

Question 43

point of entry (UNFILTERD BLOOD)

Answer 43

Afferent arteriole

Question 44

point of exit (FILTERED BLOOD)

Answer 44

Efferent arteriole

Question 45

surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules

Answer 45

Peritubular capillaries

Question 46

located adjacent to the ascending and descending loop of Henle

Answer 46

Vasa recta

Question 47

Major organic component, Product of protein and amino acid metabolism

Answer 47

Urea

Question 48

Product of creatine metabolism by muscles

Answer 48

Creatinine

Question 49

common component in kidney stones; derived from catabolism of nucleic acid in food.

Answer 49

Uric acid

Question 50

Benzoic acid is eliminated in this form, increases with high vegetable diet

Answer 50

Hippuric acid

Question 51

Organic component

Answer 51

Urea Creatinine Uric acid Hippuric acid Carbohydrate Pigment Fatty acid Enzymes

Question 52

Primary inorganic component. Found in combination with sodium (table salt) and many other inorganic substances

Answer 52

Chloride

Question 53

Primarily from salt, varies by intake

Answer 53

Sodium

Question 54

Combined with chloride and other salts

Answer 54

Potassium

Question 55

Derived from amino acids

Answer 55

Sulfate

Question 56

Combines with sodium to buffer the blood

Answer 56

Phosphate

Question 57

Regulates blood and tissue fluid acidity

Answer 57

Ammonium

Question 58

Combines with chloride, sulfate, and phosphate

Answer 58

Calcium

Question 59

Inorganic components

Answer 59

Chloride Sodium Potassium Sulfate Phosphate Ammonium Calcium

Question 60

concentrations of ______, __________ and ________ are significantly higher in urine than in other body fluids.

Answer 60

Urea Sodium Chloride

Question 61

The single most useful substance that identifies a fluid as urine is its uniquely

Answer 61

High creatinine concentration

Question 62

Normal daily urine output: range

Answer 62

1200-1500mL

Question 63

Normal daily urine output: normal

Answer 63

600-2000 mL

Question 64

Decrease in urine output

Answer 64

Oliguria

Question 65

Oliguria Infant Adult Children

Answer 65

Infant: 1ml Adult: 400 ml Child: 0.5ml

Question 66

Cessation of urine flow result from any serious damage to the kidney or decrease flow of blood to the kidney

Answer 66

Anuria

Question 67

Normally, kidneys excrete 2 or 3 times more urine during the night

Answer 67

Nocturia

Question 68

Increase nocturnal excretion of urine

Answer 68

Nocturia

Question 69

Increase in day urine volume

Answer 69

Polyuria

Question 70

Polynuria Adult: Child

Answer 70

Adult: Greater than 2.5 L/ day Child: >2.5-3 mL

Question 71

Associated with Diabetes mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 71

Polyuria

Question 72

Polyuria artificially induced by _______, _____ and _____

Answer 72

Diuretics Caffeine Alcohol

Question 73

Caused by defect in production of insulin or its function resulting in increase in body glucose concentration

Answer 73

Diabetes mellitus polyuria

Question 74

Diabetes mellitus polyuria Caused by defect in production of ________ or its function resulting in increase in body glucose concentration

Answer 74

insulin

Question 75

Diabetes mellitus polyuria Presence of dilute urine with ________ specific gravity. (high or low)

Answer 75

High

Question 76

Decrease in production or function of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Answer 76

Diabetes insipidus polyuria

Question 77

Diabetes insipidus Decrease in production or function of __________

Answer 77

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Question 78

Diabetes insipidus polyuria urine of dilute urine with ________ specific gravity. (high or low)

Answer 78

Low

Question 79

Diabetes mellitus polyuria and diabetes insipidus polyuria Compensated with

Answer 79

Polydipsia